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VIOLENCE
Dr Olive Sentumbwe-Mugisa,
Family Health and Population Advisor
WHO,Uganda
Purpose of this
presentation
Social-cultural differences:
Gender roles & responsibilities
Gender norms
Expectations
Human Rights
ADVOCACY
ADVOCACY
Context in WHO
Health for All
All are not the same
All DO NOT enjoy the same rights and
opportunities
GENDER
Sociological concept
Social difference
Norms set by society and
learned by individual girls, boys,
women and men
Varies from one society to the
next, depending on age, class,
religion, economy, politics, etc.
Subject to change and evolution
as society evolves
Gender is
Relational relationships between women and men
Hierarchical deals with power
Historical factors change over time & space
Contextually specific variations due to ethnicity, age,
HIV/AIDS
Differences in sexual
transmission of HIV/AIDS
Several studies have shown that it is easier for a women to
contract HIV/AIDS from a sexual contact with an infected
man than it is for a man with an infected woman
Coerced sex increases risk of micro-lesions; more frequent
for women, although also important in young boys
The presence of an untreated STI can make that person up
to 10 times more likely both, to catch and to transmit HIV
those infections do not give rise to any symptoms in women
so they are often not recognised or treated
CRIME RATE
The police defines serious crime to include murder,
rape, defilement and aggravated robbery
Defilement and Rape have been indicated as the most
serious crimes with defilement cases
numbering15,385(2006) 17,031(2007) and 750
(2006),809 (2007) out of the total of 20,768 (2006) and
22,313 (2007)
Magnitude continues
Although both women and men experience violence in Uganda,
women are more likely to suffer every form of violence and to
experience it more frequently.
According to the 2006 UDHS, six in ten Ugandan women
(including married and unmarried) have experienced physical
violence since they were 15 years of age. One-third of women
(34 percent) had experienced it in the 12 months preceding the
survey including 7 percent who said they faced it often.
Men are somewhat less likely than women to have ever
experienced physical violence (53 percent)
Magnitude
Almost four in ten women (39 percent) aged 15-49 have ever
experienced sexual violence, compared to one in ten men (11
percent).
Sexual Violence against women is most common among women
who are divorced, separated, or widowed, at 55 percent, followed
by 43 percent among women currently married or living together,
and 18 percent among never-married women.
Overall 44 percent of women who have experienced sexual
violence say their current husband or partner was responsible,
while another 22 percent cite a former husband or partner.
Magnitude of SGBV conti- Sexual violence often begins the first time a woman has
sexual intercourse. One quarter of women age 15-49
(24 percent) say their first sexual intercourse was forced
against their will.
As might be expected, this percentage is highest among
women whose first sexual experience was before
marriage, and among women whose first sexual
experience occurred before the age of 15.
Alcohol
Power relations
Drugs
Ritual murders
Myths about HIV cure?
Adventure as in Adolescents
Juvenile delinquency etc
Male relatives
Rude
Time wasting
Not paid for time spent
Disorganised judiciary who sometimes cancel hearings
without informing the medical personnel
Conclusion and
Recommendations
A culture of silence surrounds the topic of gender based
violence. A woman who suffers at the hands of her
intimate partner, teacher, colleague , employer, father ,
brother is understandably reluctant to seek help or even to
talk about her experience because she is afraid or ashamed.
Health programmes can become better aware of the
widespread problem of violence against women, girls and
adolescents and sensitively encourage clients to discuss
their experience
Recommendations
Government should provide protection for women
in situations of sexual and domestic violence.
Ultimately, society must lift the veil of silence and
no longer condone gender-based violence or
excuse abusive men from responsibility for their
actions- teachers , policemen, bosses, employers
Sensitise communities about health risks and
dangers of SGBV and what legal avenues are
possible
SGBV is complex
It originates and is supported by factors at various levels:
individual, relationships, community and society, Legal
frameworks, politics etc , therefore all sectors must take part in
this multi-sectoral response we are trying to address
THANK YOU