Vestibulo-cochlear apparatus

Ageng Brahmadhi

Vestibulo-cochlear apparatus

Dual sensory function stato-acoustic

system
Parts:

the external ear, the middle ear and the

internal ear

External ear

reception of sound waves

It consists of the

Auricle (pinna),

External auditory meatus/ Meatus acusticus

externus (canal)
Membrana tympani

Pinna

irregularly shaped plate of elastic cartilage

covered by thin skin
The cartilage of the pinna is continuous with the
cartilage lining the cartilaginous portion of the
external auditory meatus.

external auditory meatus is the canal that

extends from the pinna to the external surface
of the tympanic membrane

with skin containing hair follicles, sebaceous

glands, and modified sweat glands known as
ceruminous glands cerumen

tympanic membrane covers the deepest

end of the external auditory meatus

External surface : covered by a thin epidermis

derived from ectoderm
Internal surface : simple squamous to cuboidal
epithelium derived from endoderm
Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and fibroblasts, is
interposed between the two epithelial layers.
Derived from mesoderm

Middle Ear

tympanic cavity

lined by simple squamous epithelium

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium as it
approaches the auditory tube -- eustachian tube
Ossicula auditiva (maleus, incus, stapes)
the medial wall of the tympanic

oval window (Fenestra vestibuli/tingkap oval ) and

the round window (Fenestra cochleare/tingkap bulat)

the tensor tympani and the stapedius,

modulate movements of the tympanic membrane
and the bony ossicles

Inner Ear

bony labyrinth
membranous
labyrinth

Bony Labyrinth

has three components:

the semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the

cochlea.

lined with endosteum

filled with perilymph
The central region Vestibule
wall contains the oval window (fenestra
vestibuli) and round window (fenestra
cochleae)
Three semicircular canals (superior,
posterior, and lateral). Enlargement
ampula

Cochlea like a snail shell, two and one-half

times around a central bony column, the
modiolus
The modiolus projects into the spiraled
cochlea with a shelf of bone called the
osseous spiral lamina

Membranous Labyrinth

Inside bony labyrinth

filled with endolymph
possesses the following specialized areas: the
saccule and utricle, the semicircular ducts,
and the cochlear duct.

Saccule and Utricle

The saccule and utricle, sac-like structures
lying in the vestibule, contain neuroepithelial
cells that are specialized to sense position of
the head and linear movement.
Specialized regions of the saccule and utricle
receptor

macula of the saccule and the macula of the

utricle
The maculae are thickened areas of the
epithelium, composed of neuroepithelial cells,
type I and type II hair cells

Type I hair cells are plump cells with a

rounded base that narrows toward the neck
Type II hair cells are similar to type I hair
cells with regard to the stereocilia and
kinocilium, but their shape is more columnar
The stereocilia of the neuroepithelial hair cells
are covered by and embedded in a thick,
gelatinous glycoprotein mass, the otolithic
membrane
The surface region of this membrane contains
otoliths or otoconia

Semicircular Ducts Body

contains an expanded region, the ampulla,
where specialized receptors (neuroepithelial
hair cells) sense linear and angular
movement.
neuroepithelial cells, also known as type I
and type II hair cells, exhibit the same
morphology as the hair cells of the maculae
The cupula, a gelatinous glycoprotein mass
overlying the cristae ampulares, is similar to
the otolithic membrane in structure and
function, but it is cone-shaped and does not
contain otoliths

Ampula kanalis semisirkularis

Krista ampullaris
Pergerakan

cupula akibat perubahan

posisi kepala menggerakkan sel
rambut pada cupula
menggetarkan silia pada sel rambut
membuka kanal ion K
depolarisasi akhiran saraf pada
sel-sel rambut.

FUNGSI VESTIBULAR
Percepatan gerak melingkar cairan duktus
semisirkularis mengalir merangsang kupula
pada krista ampularis stereosilia pada sel
sensoris badan sel saraf
Duktus semisirkularis : percepatan angular.
Makula utrikuli & sakuli : percepatan linear.
Alat vestibular:
persepsi gerakan
orientasi dalam ruangan
mempertahankan keseimbangan badan.

Vestibular sensory receptors

Hair cells transduction

Cochlear Duct and Organ of Corti

3 chamber of Cochlear Duct :

skala vestibuli (superior) : perilimfe

skala timpani (inferior) : perilimfe
skala media (duktus koklearis) : endolimfe

Ductus cochlearis

roof: membrana Reissner/vestibularis

Epitel squamous simpleks + membrana basalis

Base : membrana basilaris

FUNGSI AUDITORIUS

Gombang suara osikel perbedaan

luas membrana timpani dan landasan
kaki stapes penerusan gerak
dinamis secara efisien udara ke cairan
telinga
dalam

menggetarkan
membrana tectoria menggetarkan
sel rambut membuka kanal ion K
depolarisasi

Dah...