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MOT
IO N
1. INTRODUCTION:
Health promotion is an important component of
nursing practice.
It is a way of thinking that revolves around a
philosophy of wholeness, wellness and wellbeing.
In the past two decades, the public has become
increasingly aware of and interested in health
promotion.
Health:
(1)Traditionally health has been defined in terms of
the presence or absence of disease.
(2)Health as a state of being well and using every
power the individual possesses to the fullest
extent.
-Nightingale, 1969.
HEALTH PROMOTION
Definition:
One method of primary prevention is to make
people strong in body and mind and
provide them with an environment at home, at
site of work and at place of recreation
free of harmful substances & influences.
This kind of primary prevention is called
Health Promotion.
PURPOSES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION:
To focus on the persons potential for wellness
It is an active process.
It is up to the individual to decide whether or not
to make the changes.
Choices must be made and only the individual
can make these choices.
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION
Self-Responsibility
Nutrition
Stress management
Exercise
Self-Responsibility:
Taking responsibility for oneself is the key to
successful health promotion.
It recognizes that the individual and only the
individual, has control over his or her life,
Each of us, alone can make those choices that
determine whether our individual lifestyle is
one that promotes health.
Nutrition:
Nutritional
awareness
involves
an
understanding of the importance of a properly
balanced diet that supplies all of the essential
nutrients and
an awareness of the relationship between diet
and disease.
Stress management:
Stress management and stress reduction have
become important aspects of health promotion.
Studies have shown the negative effects of
stress on health and
a cause and effect relationship between
stress and traumatic injuries including motor
vehicle crashes and some chronic illnesses.
Exercise:
Physical fitness is another important component
of health promotion.
An exercise programme should be designed
specially for the individual, with consideration
given to age, physical condition and any known
cardio vascular risk factors.
FACTORS AFFECTING
HEALTH MAINTENANCE:
Cognition and perception:
Cognitive and perceptual factors include what
health means to a person,
how important it is, and
how the person perceives control of health,
self-efficacy, health status, benefits and
barriers.
Previous experiences:
A persons past experiences with health and
health care system affect health maintenance.
If a person had a negative experience with an
agency or program, they may refuse to
participate again, even if no alternatives are
available.
Environment:
Pollution,
nearby highways,
lack of safe play areas,
inadequate housing and
unsanitary conditions
lead to poor health maintenance and set the stage
for illness.
Economic resources:
People who live in poverty may be unable to
afford nutritious food and adequate housing.
:It relieves
Distraction:
Uses the patients own interests and activities to
divert attention from pain or anxiety and
includes
listening to music,
watching television,
reading a book,
singing and
physical activities.
SEXUAL HEALTH
Education about sexuality should begin with
school-age children, increase during adolescence,
and continue through adulthood.
HEALTH PROMOTION
PROGRAMMES:
The concepts of health, wellness, health
promotion and disease prevention have been
extensively addressed in the
lay literature and
news media
as well as in professional journals.
Elimination:
Sleep/Rest :
Sensory stimulation: Touch: Vision: Hearing:
Play:
Nutrition and exercise:
Social interactions:
Health tests and screenings:
Health education
Environmental modification
Nutritional interventions
Life style and behavioral changes.
(2)Environmental modifications:
()A comprehensive approach to health promotion
requires environmental modifications; such as
()provision of safe water,
()installation of sanitary latrines,
()improvement of housing etc.
(3)Nutritional interventions:
()These comprise food distribution and
()nutrition development of vulnerable groups;
()child feeding programs;
()nutrition education etc.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
Nurses, by virtue of their expertise in health and
health care and their long-established credibility
with consumers, play a vital role in health
promotion.