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Calera Corporation
Carbon cycle: Most of the carbon is sitting the form of carbonate rock
The built environment:
32B tons of cement and
aggregate used every year
CO 2
conversion
(Ca, Mg)
CO 3
Fossil Fuels:
All fossil fuels = 4,000 B tons CO2
11B tons of CO2 emitted by power and cement industry per year
Kyoto requires a reduction of 5B tons of CO2
Atmosphere:
1700s: 400 B tons CO2
Today: 700 B tons CO2
2
Calera Corporation
Calera Corporation
Collectiveexperience
5MBA
Power,geology,waterandbuildingmaterials
Khosla
Toptalentwithcredentials
Over100patents
Publiccompanyexecs
ScientificAdvisoryBoard
Upwardsof100
2JD,3patentagents,1paralegal
Successfulentrepreneurs
CarbonAdvisoryBoard
ManagementTeam
Collectivelybuiltlargescaleprojectsin15countriesaroundthe
70people
SpecialtyTechnicalAdvisoryBoard
InvestorsandAdvisors
14MS
18PhD
Calera Corporation
Fresher Water
(stripped of Ca & Mg)
Saline
Water
Flue gas
Reactor
Power
plant
Calera Corporation
Cement&
Aggregate
Coal is the problem to solve, however the cost of CCS for fossil fueled
power generation remains prohibitive
3,000
Quantity
Quanity
$90
Cost
$80
2,500
$70
2,000
$60
$50
Cost to Capture & Store CO2 ($/(MT
$40 CO2))
1,500
CO2 Emissions (MT/Yr)
1,000
$30
$20
500
$10
$1
95%-100%
1) CO2 from Ethanol
Fermenters
2) CO2 from steam reforming
at Refineries, Ammonia
Plants, SNG Plants,
3) CO2 Separated from sour
natural gas
20% - 40%
1) CO2 from Cement Calcination
2) Other chemical plants
10 % 15%
1) Coal Fired power plants
2) Oil & diesel generators
4% - 10%
1) Natural gas fired power
plants
2) Furnaces, small boilers,
etc.
Source:NatcarbEIAIPCCSpecialReportonCarbonCaptureandSequestrationKurtHouseAnalysis(MIT)
6
Calera Corporation
Breakthroughs:
- Maximized
absorption
efficiency with low
energy use
- Mineral loading
- Multi-pollutant
capture
Breakthroughs:
- Novel chemistry
- Novel material
science producing
undefined
polymorphs with
cementitious
properties
- Industrial scale and
economics
Breakthroughs:
- Ability to control
particle size
and material
density
- Reuse of waste
heat
Calera Corporation
Pilot
Establishes continuous process at 1 ton per day of product (0.5 tons of CO2
from coal fired boilers
Will test efficiency and integration of individual process technologies
Testing on pulverized coal flue gas and site specific conditions and
materials
Demo
Takes flue gas from 20MW to 80MW of coal fueled host plant
Scales up in segments / modules
Chemistry,
Laboratory and
Batch Processes
KPI
hurdle
8
Calera Corporation
KPI
hurdle
Calera Corporation
MossLanding
PowerStation
>1000MWbaseload
>1500MWpeaking
Fuel:NaturalGas
Operator:Dynegy
CoalFired
BoilerSimulator
Coal
CO2Depleted
Flue Gas
Pulverized
Coal
Hopper
Induced
Draft
Fan
Baghouse
ScrewFeeder
Recirculation
Pump
Air
Absorber
Pump
Forced
Draft
Fan
WatertoTreatment
Cement
Aggregate
Seawater
Seawater
Pump
Moss
Mag/Dolime
MossMag
10
Calera Corporation
BaseFeed
Pump
Dewatering
FeedPump
Precipitator
With
PaxAgitator
SprayDryer
FeedPump
Epuramat1500
WetMill
SprayDryer
Coal
Pulverized
Coal
Hopper
GastoLiquid
Absorber
CO2Depleted
Flue Gas
Induced
Draft
Fan
Baghouse
ScrewFeeder
Air
Absorber
Pump
Forced
Draft
Fan
Recirculation
Pump
WatertoTreatment
Cement
Aggregate
Seawater
Seawater
Pump
Moss
Mag/Dolime
MossMag
11
Calera Corporation
BaseFeed
Pump
Dewatering
FeedPump
Precipitator
With
PaxAgitator
SprayDryer
FeedPump
Dewatering
WetMill
SprayDryer
CoalFiredBoilerSimulator(CFBS)
Simulates time-temperature
combustion history of fullscale utility boilers
Capable of burning
pulverized coal from
anywhere in the world
Capacity 1 MMBtu/hr
Generates flue gas
composition and
temperature identical to full
scale
12
Calera Corporation
SeawaterFeedandBaseAdditionSystems
Providescontinuoussuppliesofseawaterandsolidbasetotheprocess
13
Calera Corporation
CoalFired
BoilerSimulator
Coal
CO2Depleted
Flue Gas
Pulverized
Coal
Hopper
Induced
Draft
Fan
Baghouse
ScrewFeeder
Air
Absorber
Pump
Forced
Draft
Fan
Recirculation
Pump
WatertoTreatment
Cement
Aggregate
Seawater
Seawater
Pump
Moss
Mag/Dolime
MossMag
14
Calera Corporation
BaseFeed
Pump
Dewatering
FeedPump
Precipitator
With
PaxAgitator
SprayDryer
FeedPump
Dewatering
WetMill
SprayDryer
NSGPureStreamTMAbsorber
HighefficiencycompactCO2capturetechnologyutilizesplanarliquidjet
technology.
CEMS
15
Calera Corporation
CoalFired
BoilerSimulator
Coal
CO2Depleted
Flue Gas
Pulverized
Coal
Hopper
Induced
Draft
Fan
Baghouse
ScrewFeeder
Air
Absorber
Pump
Forced
Draft
Fan
Neumann
Recirculation
Pump
WatertoTreatment
Cement
Aggregate
Seawater
Seawater
Pump
Moss
Mag/Dolime
MossMag
16
Calera Corporation
BaseFeed
Pump
Dewatering
FeedPump
Precipitator
With
PaxAgitator
SprayDryer
FeedPump
Dewatering
WetMill
SprayDryer
Precipitator
PrecipitatesabsorbedCO2intosolids
17
Calera Corporation
SolidLiquidsSeparator
PrecipitatesabsorbedCO2intosolidsandseparatessupernatant.
18
Calera Corporation
CoalFired
BoilerSimulator
Coal
CO2Depleted
Flue Gas
Pulverized
Coal
Hopper
Induced
Draft
Fan
Baghouse
ScrewFeeder
Air
Absorber
Pump
Forced
Draft
Fan
Neumann
Recirculation
Pump
WatertoTreatment
Cement
Aggregate
Seawater
Seawater
Pump
Moss
Mag/Dolime
MossMag
19
Calera Corporation
BaseFeed
Pump
Dewatering
FeedPump
Precipitator
With
PaxAgitator
SprayDryer
FeedPump
Dewatering
WetMill
SprayDryer
WetMillandSprayDryer
Modifiesparticlesizeandshapeofprecipitantandthendriesfinalproduct.
20
Calera Corporation
~ $ 325/kW - $ 450/kW
~ $ 225/kW - $330/kW
~ $36/kW - $ 42/kW
~$ 586kW - $822/kW
Calera Corporation
Base
Recovery
Brine In
CO2
Capture
Product
Processing
Precipitation
Base Manufacture
Natural, Waste Base Processing
22
Calera Corporation
188 MW power
12 MW
Sale
Calera
Plant
Power
Plant
2,336 kta
Carbonate-rich
Aggregate
23
Calera Corporation
123 kta
Cement
1,938 kta
Silica-rich
Mineral Residue
(potential for
aggregate, other)
160 MW power
40 MW
Sale
Calera
Plant
Power
Plant
2,183 kta
Carbonate-rich
Aggregate
24
Calera Corporation
115 kta
Cement
1,485 kta
Silica-rich
Mineral Residue
(potential for
aggregate, other)
Caleraispartneringwithcementcompanies,watersuppliersandothersinsupplychain
Marketentrywillbeginwithmostprogressivecompaniesandregions,especiallysituationswherecarbonmi
Offtakeagreementsforregulatedpollutants($/tonpollutant)
Products:Pipelinedevelopment
Flexibletechnologyallowsbroadrangeofsites
Sustainable,stableandbenignreuseofCO
CO
Low
Productsales($/tonproduct)
25
Calera Corporation
Cement&CO2
Approximately1tonCO2
foreachtonofcement
(Range0.71.1)
Calera Corporation
Calera Business Model: Sequester CO2 from emitters and avoid CO2
emitted in the traditional making of concrete
Calera business model generates several revenues streams:
Building materials manufactured and sold
Carbon monetization of CO2 sequestered and avoided
Softened water for RO
27
Calera Corporation
First 3 products:
Synthetic Aggregate
(SA)
Reactive Carbonate
Pozzolan (RCP)
Cement Displacement
Up to 20% of cement
blend
Worldwide
market size:
28
~$25B
Calera Corporation
Testing against
ASTMC33
Standard
Specification for
Concrete Aggregate
~$330B
~$25B
Masonry
Cement
4Mt
U.S. Market
Mineral
Filler
100Mt
60
Light
Weight Agg.
Soil
200Mt
Stabilization
100Mt
30
10
Bricks
20Mt
Sand &Aggregate
3Bt
0
1 year
2 years
Drywall
20Mt
3 years
Calera Corporation
Concrete
Blocks
50Mt
4 years
5 years
Rail
Trucking
Coal and
Chemicals are
top rail
categories by
revenue
Barges
30
Calera Corporation
Concrete Carbon
Footprint Calculator
IntroducedatWorldofConcrete2009
by Calera Corporation
31
Calera Corporation
Embodied
Pounds of
x Ingredient
CO2 of
Ingredient
(per cubic yard)
sum all
ingredients
Concrete
Carbon
Footprint
Calera Corporation
Production
Transportation
Embodied
CO2Per
Ingredient
tonCO2/tonmaterial
0.86
0.016
0.876
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
FlyAsh
0.045
0.045
Water
0.01
0.01
Cement
FineAggregate
(sand)
CoarseAggregate
(gravel)
33
Calera Corporation
Production
Transportation
Embodied
CO2 Per
Ingredient
ton CO2 / ton material
34
Calera SCM
- 0.50
0.05
- 0.45
Calera Fine
Aggregate
- 0.50
0.05
- 0.45
Calera Coarse
Aggregate
- 0.50
0.05
- 0.45
Calera Corporation
NetCO2EmissionsPerCubicYard
100%OPC
Ingredient
lb CO2 / lb
ingredient
lb ingredient / yd
concrete
lb CO2 / yd
concrete
Portland
Cement
0.876
564
494.1
Water
0.01
0.013
282
1,300
2.8
16.9
0.013
1,800
23.4
3,946
537
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
TOTALS
35
Calera Corporation
Total
537lbCO2
600
NetCO2Emissions(lb)
500
400
PerCubicYard
300
200
100
0
36
Cement
Calera Corporation
Water
Fine
Agg.
Coarse
Agg.
Use of high volume fly ash mix (50%) can help reduce to some extent
the carbon footprint of concrete
Ingredient
lb CO2 / lb
ingredient
lb ingredient / yd
concrete
lb CO2 / yd
concrete
Portland
Cement
Water
0.876
282
247.0
0.01
0.013
271
1,225
2.7
15.9
0.013
1,800
23.4
0.045
282
3,860
12.7
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
Fly Ash
TOTALS
37
Calera Corporation
302
600
500
Total
302 lb CO2
400
300
Cement
200
100
0
38
Calera Corporation
Fly
Water Ash
Fine
Agg.
Coarse
Agg.
500
Total
400
293 lb CO2
Cement
300
No strength gaining
issues
200
100
Water
Fine
Agg.
Fly
Ash
0
-100
39
Similar carbon
footprint reduction
Calera Corporation
Calera
SCM
Coarse
Agg.
Improved working
properties
Carbon-Neutral Concrete
CarbonNeutralMixwith100%OPC,
usingmostlyCalerafineaggregate
600
Cement
400
200
Total
Fine
Water Agg.
Coarse
Agg.
0lbCO2
0
-200
-400
-600
40
Calera Corporation
Calera
Fine Agg.
Opportunities for
cement companies to
partner with Calera to
manufacture green &
sustainable concrete
while maintaining their
cement sales
Carbon-Neutral Concrete
Carbon Neutral Mix
with High OPC Replacement
& Improved Working Properties
600
400
200
20% SCMA
20% Fly Ash
Cement
Fly
Water Ash
Coarse
Agg.
-200
-400
-600
41
Fine
Agg.
Calera Corporation
Calera
SCM
Replace a
portion of fine
aggregate with
Calera Fine
Aggregate
Total
-0 lb CO2
Calera
Fine Agg.
Improved
working properties
No strength
gaining issues
Negative-carbon Concrete
Ingredient
lb CO2 / lb
ingredient
lb ingredient / yd
concrete
lb CO2 / yd
concrete
Portland
Cement
0.876
338
269.1
Water
0.01
0.045
(0.450)
(0.450)
(0.450)
271
113
113
1,250
1,800
3,885
2.7
5.1
(50.9)
(562.5)
(810.0)
Fly Ash
Calera SCM
Calera Fine
Agg.
Calera Coarse
Agg.
TOTALS
42
Calera Corporation
(1,146)
600
NetCO2Emissions(lb)
400
Reference
Ordinary
Concrete
Cement
200
0
-200
NetCO2avoided=
1,683lbCO2
Calera
SCM
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
Source:Caleraanalysis
43
Calera Corporation
Calera
Fine
Agg.
Calera
Coarse
Agg.
Total: 1,146lbCO2/yd3
ofconcrete
Mix design:
20% Calera SCM
100% Calera Fine Agg.
100% Calera Coarse
Agg.
NetCO2Emissions(lb)
400
Reference
Ordinary
Concrete
Cement
200
-200
Calera
SCM
CO2controlsolution
(CO2conversion)
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
44
Calera Corporation
Carbonnegativeconcrete
(CO2avoided)
Calera
Fine
Agg.
Calera
Coarse
Agg.
- 1,146lbCO2/yd3
ofconcrete
+
Salesofcarbonnegative
concrete
Conservative life cycle analysis shows total CO2 avoided is higher than the total
emissions of the power plant by ~7%
Alternative cases show scenarios of up to 40% above total
3rd party studies in progress with Harvard/MIT and others
7%>>upto40%
45
Calera Corporation
Instrumentationand
analyticsinplace
Carbonlife
cycleanalysis
Nextsteps
Calerahasengagedleadingcarbonmarketsexperts
(CarbonAdvisoryBoardCarbonSymposium)
Source:Caleraanalysis
46
Calera Corporation
Calera
Pilot and
Global
R&D
Thelargestnatural
storageofCO2
(Ca, Mg)CO 3
Thefirstcarbonnegative
concrete
Reference
Ordinary
Concrete
Net CO2
Emissions
(lb)
600
400
200
Cement
Fly
Water Ash
Afinanceableprojectwithrevenuestreams
Carbon negative
concrete
(CO2 Avoided)
+
CO2 control solution
(CO2 conversion)
+
Sales of carbon
negative concrete and
softened water
47
Calera Corporation
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
Calera
SCM
Calera
Fine Agg.
Calera
Coarse
Agg.
- 1,146 lb CO2/yd3
of concrete
Endorsements
You really ought to be able to replace most of the worlds need for cement, with the by-product of sequestering
most of the worlds power plant emissions of CO 2 - that would be game changing
- Carl Pope, President, Sierra Club
CalerasprocessforcreatingcementfromsequesteringtheCO2frompowerplantsisthemost
promisingapproachcurrentlyonthetable
MarciaMcNutt,PresidentandCEO,MontereyBayAquariumResearchInstitute
TheCaleraprocessshowsgreatpromiseforgreencementandsustainableconcrete
PauloMonteiro,Phd.,Professor,AuthorofConcrete
Calerasproducts,includingcementitiousmaterialsandaggregates,areofgreatinteresttothebuildingindustryaswellas
governmentalagencies.
Gottfried,Founder:U.S.andWorldGreenBuildingCouncils
Theabilityofyourprocesstocaptureofparticulates,nitrogenoxides,sulfurdioxide,mercury,andotherpollutantswillgive
utilitiesanopportunityforonestopshoppingastheyfacemultipleemission reductionchallenges.
ThomasB.Carter,SeniorVicePresident,GovernmentAffairs,NationalReadyMixedConcreteAssn.
TheCaleraproductnotonlyprovidesanappropriaterepositoryforCO 2,butcanbeusedfurtherforsomething
constructive.
JamesR.ONeil,Prof.Emeritus,UniversityofMichiganand2004GoldschmidtMedalist
Myviewistheirideasarecreativeanddemandcarefuldebateanddemonstrationprojectstoseewhattheycandoatlarge
scale.Couldbeasignificantnewwaytohelpusinventourwayoutofsometheclimatechangeproblemswe'refacing.
ProfessorStephenH.Schneider,StanfordUniversity
48
Calera Corporation