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POWER ELECTRONICS AS

EFFICIENT INTERFACE IN
DISPERSED POWER
GENERATION SYSTEMS
By
Sai Chand (122527)
Under the guidance of
Uday bhaskar

CONTENTS

Introduction
Characeristics of wind power conversion
Variable speed wind turbine
Power electronics for offshore wind farms
Fuel cells
Power electronics in fuel cell systems
Power electronics in photovoltaic(pv) system
conclusion

INTRODUCTION

The power system is a large number of


dispersed generation units
Renewable and non renewable sources
Adv and disadv of renewable energy
Power electronics being technolgy of
efficiently
converting electrical energy

CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND POWER CONVERSION

The aerodynamic power P, of a wind


turbine given by

Wind turbine evolution and the main trend of power electronic conversion
(blue indicates power level of converters) in the last 30 years

VARIBLE SPEED WIND TURBINE

The wind turbine system keep an


almost fixed speed by three methods,
namely
system without power electronics,
systems with partially rated power
electronics,
systems with full scale power
electronic interfacing wind turbines

SYSTEM WITHOUT POWER ELECTRONICS,

In this method the power is limited


aerodynamically either by stall, active
stall or pitch control which gives a
speed variation of
1-2%

Wind turbine systems without power converter but with


aerodynamic power control: (a) pitch controlled, (b) stall
controlled, and (c) active stall controlled.

SYSTEMS WITH PARTIALLY RATED POWER ELECTRONICS,

In this method the induction generator


with a wounded rotor. By the power
electronic devices either the rotor
resistance can be controlled or rotor
currents can be controlled which gives
speed range of 2-4%

Wind turbine topologies with partially rated power


electronics:
(a) rotor-resistance converter and (b) doubly fed induction
generator

Wind turbine systems with full-scale power converters with activeand


power control: (a) induction generator with gear, (b) synchronous
generator with gear, (c) multipole synchronous generator, and (d)

POWER ELECTRONICS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE

Wind energy systems are developing


towards higher capacity and offshore
locations
For long distance transmission of power
from offshore farm, HVDC is a viable
option
Each wind turbine has its own power
electronic converter

Wind farm arrangements: (a) a wind farm (40 turbines)


with an ASVC unit, (b) a wind farm with a VSC based
HVDC transmission and common ac-grid, and (c) a wind
farm with an internal dc network and individual power

FUEL CELLS

Fuel cell is a chemical device, which


produces electricity directly without
any intermediate stage

POWER ELECTRONICS IN FUEL CELL SYSTEM

The power conditioning system consists


of dc/dc converter and a dc/ac inverter

Schematics of fuel cell power electronic conditioning


systems. (a) dc/dc, dc link, and dc/ac conversion and (b)
dc/ac, ac link, and ac/ac conversion.

Interface of a fuel cell consisting of a pushpull dc/dc converter with


high-frequency transformer and a single-phase dc/ac inverters

PHOTOVOLTAIC(PV) SYSTEM

PV cell produces electrical power when


exposd to sunlight

Model and characteristics of a PV cell. (a) Electrical


model with current and voltages defined. (b) Electrical
characteristic of the PV cell, exposed to a given amount

POWER ELECTRONICS IN PV
SYSTEMS

String inverters system


Fly back current fed inverters

Fly-back current-fed (FBCF) inverter.


A fly-back converter plus current
source thyristor inverter.

Single stage inverter for multiple modules

CONCLUSION

More and more dispersed generation


units are being intigrated in to
powersystems.power elecronic
converters play a vital role in
integration. The applications of power
electronics in various generating
dispersed units have been studied.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion


Systems. New York: Wiley, 1998.
[2] E. Bossanyi, Wind Energy Handbook. New York: Wiley, 2000.
[3] T. Markvart, Solar Electricity, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2000.
[4] N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, andW. P. Robbins, Power
Electronics-Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd ed. New
York: Wiley, 2003.
[5] P. Thocgersen and F. Blaabjerg, Adjustable speed drives in
the next
decade. Future steps in industry and academia, J. Electric
Power Compon. Syst., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1332, 2004.
[6] Z. Chen and E. Spooner, Voltage source inverters for highpower, variable- voltage dc power sources, Proc. Inst. Elect.
Eng., vol. 148, no. 5, pp. 439447, Sept. 2001.
[7] F. Blaabjerg and Z. Chen, Power electronics as an enabling
technology for renewable energy integration, J. Power
Electron., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 8189, Apr. 2003.

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