Presented By:

VIMAL KUMAR
ECE 7TH SEM

CONTENTS:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Introduction
Railway Signaling
Interlocking
Train Traffic Control
Communication System
Microwave Transmission
Optical Fiber Communication

INTRODUCTION :

FOUNDED IN 16TH APRIL,1853(ABOUT 161 YEARS

AGO).

HEAD QUARTER IS IN NEW DELHI,INDIA.

REVENU IS 1441.67 BILLION INC (2013-2014).

PROFIT IS 157.8 BILLION INC (2013-2014).

ABOUT 1.307 MILLION EMPLOYEES (2014).

THERE ARE 17 RAILWAY ZONES.

Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned enterprise,

owned
and operated by the Government of
India through the Ministry of Railways.
It is the world's Fourth largest railway networks
comprising 115,000 km of track over a route of 65,436
km and 7,172 stations.
Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from
Bombay to Thane.
Indian Railways is the world's ninth largest
commercial or utility employer, by number of
employees.

RAILWAY SIGNALING:

A signal is a mechanical or electrical device erected

besides are railway line to pass information relating
to the state of the line ahead to train.
It is a system use to safely direct railway traffic in
order to prevent trains from colliding.

AUTOMATIC SIGNAL SYSTEM:

TYPES OF SIGNAL:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

BLOCK SIGNAL
TRAIN DETECTION
FIXED SIGNAL
MECHANICAL SIGNAL
COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL
CAB SIGNAL

INTERLOCKING:

An interlockingis an arrangement of signal

apparatus that prevents conflicting
movements through an arrangement of tracks
such as junctions or crossings.
Interlocking system used mechanical device
both to operated the signaling device and
ensure their safe operation.
Electrical relay interlocking were used.

TYPE OF INTERLOCKING
1.

RRI means the station is interlocked and worked with control

panel located in RRI office.

2.

Control panel has a geometrical layout of the entire yard

controlled by route interlocking.

3.

Indication Panel is the points setting of the route approach

locking and provides in front of the SM(panel).

4.

Points which is yard expect hand operated points are power

operated and worked from the RRI cabin.

5.

Crank Handle Interlocking is the yard of the point machine

has been group into various group . One crank handle of a one
group can not be use on the point machine of another group.

6.

Track Circuit on the indication panel are mark in different

color and are provide with indication lamp.

7. Relay is an electrical switch that open and close

under the control of another electrical signal.

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL:

Railway control circuit are omnibus

telephone circuits, which provides
communication with each train working
point.
They should provide satisfactory and reliable
communication between the controller and
various way side station , important signal
cabin, loco sheds, yard offices.

TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Section Control/Train Control

Deputy Control
Traction Loco Control
S&T Control
Emergency Control
Emergency Wireless Control Communication

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM:
The process of sending and receiving signal
between two station through different
medium in known as communication system.
In communication system there are three
essential components that should be
consider.
1. Sending (Tx)
2. Receiving (Rx)
3. Medium

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
FOR RAILWAY

Optical Systems
Microwave
Systems
Over Head
Wireless
Media
communication
Underground
Radio
System
Communication
Telephone
Systems
Microwave
Communication
Passenger
Information
Optical
Public
Address Systems
Communication
Signal Post Telephones

OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION:
Microwave communication system is to transmitted
information from one place to another place without
interruption and clear reproduction at the receiver.

MICROWAVE SYSTEMS
Microwave communication is line of
signal radio communication.
Microwave communication can be
analog or digital.

Propagation Types
1.Ground wave propagation
2.Line of signal propagation
3.Sky wave propagation

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:
Microwave transmissionrefers to the technology
oftransmitting informationorenergyby the use
ofelectromagnetic waveswhosewavelengthsare conveniently
measured in small numbers of centimetre, these are
calledmicrowaves. This part of theradio spectrumranges
acrossfrequenciesof roughly 1.0GHz to 30GHz.

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION:

Optical fiber communicationis a method of transmitting
information from one place to another by sending pulses of
light through anoptical fiber. The light forms an
electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry
information.

OPTICAL FIBER:
There is two types of optical fiber:
1. SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER

is an optical fiber in which

only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the
wavelength of interest typically 1300- 1320 nm.

2. MULTI MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which

light waves are dispersed into numerous path or modes as travel
through the cables core typically 850 or 1300 nm.

THANK YOU

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