MEDICAL INFORMATICS

Oleh;
dr. Agung S. Dwi Laksana, MSc.PH

What is Medical Informatics?

Medical informatics has to do with all aspects of

understanding and promoting the effective
organization, analysis, management, and use of
information in health care.
While the field of medical informatics shares the
general scope of these interests with some other
health care specialties and disciplines, medical
informatics has developed its own areas of
emphasis and approaches that have set it apart
from other disciplines and specialties.

For one, a common thread through medical informatics has been the
emphasis on technology as an integral tool to help organize, analyze,
manage, and use information.
In addition, as professionals involved at the intersection of information
and technology and health care, those in medical informatics have
historically tended to be engaged in the research, development, and
evaluation side of things, and in studying and teaching the theoretical
and methodological underpinnings of data applications in health care.
However, today medical informatics also counts among its profession
many whose activities are focused on dimensions that include the
administration and everyday collection and use of information in
health care.

Formal Definition:

Informatics: the study of the application of

information technology.
Medical Informatics: the study of the
application of information technology to
medical science and health care delivery.

Practical Definition

Medical Informatics: The science of

managing information for health care,
research, education, and administration
by applying, integrating, and evaluating
information technology along with its
associated policies, procedures, and
organizational cultures.

Other definition

Medical informatics is the application of computers,

communications and information technology and systems to
all fields of medicine - medical care, medical education and
medical research
(MF Collen, MEDINFO '80, Tokyo)

Medical Informatics is the branch of science concerned with

the use of computers and communication technology to
acquire, store, analyze, communicate, and display medical
information and knowledge to facilitate understanding and
improve the accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of decisionmaking.
(Warner, Sorenson and Bouhaddou, Knowledge Engineering in Health Informatics, 1997)

Sistem Informasi Kesehatan (SIK) adalah

tatanan berbagai komponen data dan
informasi kesehatan yang saling terkait
satu dengan yang lainnya untuk
menghasilkan data dan informasi tentang
kondisi kesehatan dan kinerja kesehatan
suatu wilayah

What information system in

Medicine,
Health Care

Health care billing, scheduling or research

Electronic medical record (EMR) is a computerbased patient medical record.

Deal with

access of patient data by clinical staff at any given location

accurate and complete claims processing by insurance
companies
building automated checks for drug and allergy interactions
clinical notes
prescriptions
scheduling
sending to and viewing by labs

Electronic patient chart of a health

information system

Clinical
Departments

Local Area Network

Web Browser
Clinical
Information
System
Clinical Data
Server

Workstations

Additional Information
Sources

Vocabulary
Server

Internet

Web Server

Resident Signout Editor

(RSE)

Clinical Informatics

Clinical Informatics Clinical Databases:

electronic medical records.
Patient Privacy and Confidentiality: cryptology
and distributed systems.
Just in time clinical information: real-time
delivery of medical information.
Telemedicine: remote distribution/collection of
medical information.
Pharmaco-economics: Optimization and
prediction of drug discovery and development.

Public Health Informatics

Public Health Informatics: Collection and

distribution of population-wide medical
information.
Biosecurity: Real-time surveillance of manmade
or natural disease outbreaks.
Geospatial Analysis: Analysis of populationwide
medical data.
Population Confidentiality: Collecting population
data without endangering the single individual.

A HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM CANNOT EXIST BY ITSELF,

BUT IS A FUNCTIONAL ENTITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF
A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH SYSTEM
(SUATU SISTEM INFORMASI KESEHATAN TIDAK DAPAT BERDIRI
SENDIRI, MELAINKAN SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI SUATU SISTEM KES)
EFFECTIVE HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROVIDE
INFORMATION SUPPORT TO THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
AT ALL LEVELS. HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS SHOULD BE
TRANSFORMED INTO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT TOOLS
(SISTEM INFORMASI KESEHATAN YANG EFEKTIF MEMBERIKAN
DUKUNGAN INFORMASI BAGI PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN
DI SEMUA JENJANG. SISTEM INFORMASI HARUS DIJADIKAN
SEBAGAI ALAT YANG EFEKTIF BAGI MANAJEMEN)

KEBIJAKAN SIKNAS

SIKNAS DIKEMBANGKAN DLM KERANGKA

DESESNTRALISASI BID KES DLM MENCAPAI
Indonesia Sehat 2010
SIKNAS MERUPAKAN BAGIAN DARI SKN
SIKNAS DIBANGUN DARI JARINGAN SISTEM KES
PROV DAN SISTEM KES KAB/KOTA DG MELIBATKAN
MITRA
SIKNAS EFEKTIF HRS DPT MENYEDIAKAN DATA &
INFORMASI BG PENGAMBIL KEPUTUSAN &
MASYARAKAT
SIKNAS DIKEMBANGKAN SECARA BERTAHAP

KEGIATAN POKOK SIKNAS

1.
2.
3.

4.

Menata Sistem Informasi Kesehatan

Memfasilitasi Pengembangan dan
Penyelenggaraan SIK Daerah
Menyelenggarakan pengumpulan,
pengolahan, analisis dan penyajian
data/informasi kes.
Mengembangkan sdm pengelola data/info,
dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi serta
pengembangan jejaring bank data

1. MENATA SISTEM
1.

Penyusunan aturan pengumpulan,

pengolahan dan pemanfatan data/informasi
kesehatan

2.

Penyusunan database kesehatan nasional

3.

Penyusunan prosedur komunikasi data

2. FASILITASI SIKDA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Pendampingan pengembangan SIKDA

Pendampingan pengolahan data/
informasi kesehatan di daerah
Pendampingan pengembangan SDM
pengelola data
Pembuatan perangkat lunak (+/-)untuk
pengolahan data/informasi di daerah
Pengembangan model SIKDA

3. PENYELENGGARAAN
Pengumpulan data kesehatan
Pengolahan data kesehatan
Analisis dan penyajian data/info kesehatan

1.
2.
3.

Profil Kesehatan Indonesia

Jurnal Informasi
Informasi Ringkas Kesehatan
Booklet/Leaflet Data
Data Kependudukan
Publikasi Data/Info terpilih lainnya

4. JEJARING BANK DATA, SDM, TI

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Pengelolaan Bank-data Kesehatan Pusat

Pengelolaan Homepage Dep Kes
Pemeliharaan Jaringan Komputer Departemen
termasuk penyewaan jalur untuk internet
Pendidikan, Pelatihan dan Pembinaan Teknis
Tenaga pengelola data/informasi kesehatan
Sosialisasi pemanfatan Teknologi Informasi di
bidang kesehatan
Pengembangan e-Goverment Departemen

ALUR LAPORAN
SEWAKTU ERA SENTRALISASI

YANMED

SP2RS

RS Pr

RS Kab

BINKESMAS

SP2TP

Pusda

Profil dan
Lap-Exe

PPM-PL

SEKJEN
(BIRO+PUSAT)
ITJEN
BPSDM

Proyek dan
SumDaya

Sur-Epi

Kanwil/DinKes Prop

DinKes Kab/Kota
UPT
Puskesmas

DEPARTEMEN
KESEHATAN
INDIKATOR SPM+IS

DINKES PROPINSI
Proyek ???
INDIKATOR SPM+IS

KAB/KOTA
KAB/KOTA
SEHAT
KAB/KOTA
SEHAT
SEHAT
RS KAB

DATA
RS

DINKES
KAB/KOTA

DATA
INFO

DATA
PUSKESMAS

KAB/KOTA
KAB/KOTA
SEHAT
KAB/KOTA
SEHAT
SEHAT
PUSKESMAS

KAB/KOTA
KAB/KOTA
SEHAT
KAB/KOTA
SEHAT
UPT KES
SEHAT
DI KAB/KOTA

RS

SIRS-baru

Pusk

Pusk

Pusk

Dinkes
Kab/Kota
(Bankdata)

SIP-baru

UPT

ALUR KOMUNIKASI DATA

ERA DESENTRALISASI

BINKESMAS
Bank
Data
YANMED

UPT

SEKJEN
(BIRO+PUSAT)
ITJEN
BPSDM
PPM-PL
YANFAR

RS Pr

- Info Eksekutif
Dinkes Prop
(bankdata)

RS
New-SIRS

Pusk

Dinkes
Kab/Kota

- Indikator SPM + IS
- Data Sumber Daya
- Data Profil Kes Kab

Surveilans
Penyakit

(Bankdata)
Pusk

New-SIP

UPT

MASA DESENTRALISASI
Laporan operasional hanya sampai tingkat
Kabupaten/Kota
Dinkes Kabupaten/Kota menyampaikan data/info
berupa hasil pelaksanaan SPM dan Kabupaten
Sehat
Secara bertahap Dinkes Kabupaten/Kota
mengembangkan Bank Data yang dapat diakses
oleh Propinsi dan Pusat
Perlu dibuat model Bank Data Kesehatan
Kabupaten/Kota

Bank Data

Data wilayah
Data demografi
Data sarana, tenaga & sumber daya
Data lain-2
Pencapaian SPM dan IS 2010
Kebutuhan daerah

INDIKATOR SPM

47 STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL DI SEMUA KAB/KOTA

Kab/kota menyelenggarakan pelayanan kesehatan sesuai Standar

Pelayanan Minimal (SPM)

SPM meliputi Jenis Pelayanan:

Kes Ibu, Anak, Balita, KB, Imunisasi, Pengobatan, Jiwa, Gizi,
Obstetrik & neonatal, Gadar
KLB, Polio, TbParu, ISPA, HIV/AIDS, DBD, Diare
Kesling, Pengendalian Vektor, Pengawasan TTU,
Perilaku Sehat, Penyuluhan Napza
Penyediaan Obat, Penyelenggaraan Pembiayaan
KesKerja, KesUsila, Malaria, Kusta, Filaria

TOTAL 50 INDIKATOR
DERAJAT KESEHATAN
MORTALITAS: 4 INDIKATOR
MORBIDITAS: 5 INDIKATOR
STATUS GIZI: 2 INDIKATOR
TOTAL 11 INDIKATOR
HASIL ANTARA
KEADAAN LINGKUNGAN: 2 INDIKATOR
PERILAKU HIDUP: 2 INDIKATOR
AKSES & MUTU YANKES: 5 INDIKATOR
TOTAL 9 INDIKATOR
PROSES & MASUKAN
PELAYANAN KESEHATAN: 8 INDIKATOR
SUMBER DAYA KESEHATAN: 13 INDIKATOR
MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN: 5 INDIKATOR
KONTRIBUSI LINTAS SEKTOR: 4 INDIKATOR
TOTAL 30 INDIKATOR

Integrasi Data
Data
di Walikota

Data
di RS Prop

Lap RS

Lap
Program

Data
di Gub

Data
Dinkes Prop

Bank Data
Dinkes Kab

Data
di UPT prop

LapPuskes

Data
Lain

Data
Lain

Report
Form

Jejaring Info-Kesehatan

IndosatNet/TelkomNet/WasantaraNet
Provider

Depkes Pusat

DinKes Prov

DinKes Kab
Pemakai di rumah
RS Kab/Prov

UPT Kes