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Concrete
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Introduction
Concrete is made by the combination of cement, water,
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Chemical
Formula
Tricalcium silicate
50%
3Ca0 SiO2
Dicalcium silicate
25%
2Ca0 SiO2
Tricalcium aluminate
10%
3Ca0 Al2 O3
Tetracalcium
aluminoferrite
10%
Gypsum
5%
CaSO4 H2O
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Setting
Setting time is defined as the
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Setting (contd)
The stiffening of the concrete after it has been
placed.
A concrete can be 'set' in that it is no longer fluid, but
it may still be very weak; you may not be able to walk
on it.
Setting is due to early-stage calcium silicate
hydrate formation.
The terms 'initial set' and 'final set' are arbitrary
definitions of early and later set; there are laboratory
procedures for determining these using weighted
needles penetrating into cement/concrete paste.
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Setting (contd)
Initial setting time of cement paste
Setting (contd)
The final setting time is when rigidity
Addition of water
Dormant
period
Plastic and workable paste
Initial setting
time min 45
minutes
Initial set
Final setting
time max 10h.
Setting
Final set
Hardening
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Hardening
The process of strength growth and
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Hardening (contd)
Hardening time is when concrete
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flexural
Reduce peak heat of hydration
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Contd
Cold weather precautions should be taken
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Assignment 1
Describe how the cold weather will affect
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