PACIFIC SCHOOL OF

ENGINEERING

Topic :Building services for

modern buildings

Group Members

B.E- 3rd semester 2014

NAYANI ANKIT
MALAVIYA HARDIK
PANASURIYA VISHAL
VALANI TUSHAR

(131120106033)
(131120106027)
(131120106034)
(131120106057)
Guided by

ANKIT MEHTA
Assistant Professor
(Civil department)1

CONTENT
1.
2.
3.

Water supply
Drainage
Electrification

WATER SUPPLY
HOUSE WATER CONNECTION
In installing water supply plumbing system in a
building, first and main step, is to obtain a water
connection from the municipal water main.
A domestic service connection includes the
following components:
1. Ferrule
2. Goose neck
3. Service pipe
4. Stop cock
5. Water meter

PIPE FITTINGS AND FIXTURES:

Various fittings and fixtures used in water
distribution system are as follows:

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

REQUIREMENTS OF PIPE FITTINGS

AND FIXTURES:
They should be easy to fix or remove.
They should be easy to fix.
Their threads and nut-bolts should be of standard
size.
They should produce minimum resistance to the flow
of water.
They should be durable.
They should be economical.
Their operation should be simple.

STORAGE OF WATER IN BUILDING

Storage of water within the premises of a
building is necessary, because the municipal supplies
are usually not available round the clock . It is
desirable to have a minimum storage of one and half
days in the tanks located at ground level and terrace
level together.

WATER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC

BUILDING OTHER THAN RESIDENCE
Sr.
No
.
1

Types of Building
(a)Factories where bathroom are
required to be provided
(b)Factories where no bathrooms are
required to be provided

Construction per
capita per day
Litres
45
30

Hospitals (including laundry) per bed

(a)No. of beds not exceeding 100
(b)No. of beds exceeding 100

340
450

Nurses homes and medical quarters

135

Hostels

135

Offices

45

Restaurants

70

DOMESTIC OVERHEAD STORAGE

TANKS:
Overhead water storage tanks placed on the
top of the buildings should be properly located as
to safety transmit their loads to the beams and
columns in the building.
The following types of tanks are generally
1.
2.
3.
4.

used:
RCC tanks
Masonry tanks
G.I. tanks
HDPE or FRP tanks

WATER PIPING SYSTEMS IN

BUILDINGS
Several piping systems may be adopted
for the distribution of water within a building from
the city mains or other sources such as ground water.
Each method has its own merits and demerits,
depending upon the local condition.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Various water piping systems are:

Piping system using Direct supply
Piping system using overhead tank
Piping system using underground tank
Pumped systems

HOUSE DRAINAGE
A building is provided with a drainage system to
discharge effectively the sewage of the building into
the public sewer.
Domestic sewage or sewage from building includes
human excreta as well as discharge from bathrooms,
kitchens, etc

AIMS OF HOUSE DRAINAGE:

1.
2.
3.

4.

To maintain healthy conditions in the building.

To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as
possible.
To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or
the septic tank.
To collect and remove waste matters systematically.

PRINCIPLES OF HOUSE DRAINAGE

It is advisable to lay the sewers by the side of the

building rather than below the building.

All the drains should be laid straight between

chambers, avoiding sharp bend and junctions.

The house drain should be connected to the public

sewer.

Laterals sewers should be laid at a proper gradient

show that they can develop self cleansing velocity.

The size of drain should be sufficient, so that they do

not overflow at the time of maximum discharge.

The layout of the house drainage system should

permit easy cleaning and removal of obstructions.

The entire system should be properly ventilated from

the starting point to the final point of disposal.

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN

Before

starting the plumbing work, it is most

essential first to prepare the drainage plan.

The

site plan is drawn to suitable scale,

showing on to it the position of baths, W/C,
urinals and other units, along with the position
of gully traps and floor traps.

THE FOLLOWING POINT SHOULD BE KEPT

IN MIND WHILE PREPARING THE DRAINAGE
PLAN:
1)

All the drains should be laid in such a way so as to

ensure their safety in future.

2)

The drain should be laid in such a way that in future,

extension can be done easily.

3)

All soil pipes should be carried direct to the manholes

without gully traps.

4)

All rain water pipes should discharge over gully traps

and should be disconnected from the drain.

HOUSE DRAINAGE PIPES:

1)

In a house drainage system, a pipe may have the

following designations, depending upon the function it
carries:
Soil Pipe:
it is the pipe carrying sewage from urinals, water
closets etc.

2) Waste Pipe:
it is the pipe carrying discharges from bathroom,
kitchens , etc.

3) Vent Pipe:
The pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation of
the system is known as vent pipe.
4) Rainwater Pipe:
It is pipe which carries only the rain water.
5) Ventilating Pipe:
The ventilating pipe enables the foul gases of sewers
to be safety discharged into atmosphere.

PIPE FITTING

ELECTRICAL SERVICES
DIRECT CURRENT
In the direct current, the direction of current does not
change, but the magnitude of the current may
increase or decrease . Figure shows a graph between
current versus time. In case of curve-A, the
magnitude of current remains constant, while for
curve-B, the magnitude of the current decreases with
time.
The symbol of D.C current is

ALTERNATING CURRENT
In case of A.C current, the magnitude and direction
both changes with time. Fig shows a graph of A.C
.From the graph it can be seen that in one direction
the magnitude of current increases from zero to
maximum and then becomes zero. Then, in the
opposite direction the magnitude of current increase
from zero to maximum and then again becomes zero.
This process repeated in the subsequent cycles. The
A.C current is represented by ~ .

TECHNICAL TERMS RELATED TO

WIRING

Fuse
The function of a fuse wire is to protect the electrical
appliances from a heavy current.
Thus , whenever a high voltage is passed through a
fuse wire, it automatically melts and breaks the
circuit.

MCB
(MINIATURE
BREAKER)

CIRCUIT

In old buildings , fuses where used to provide

protection against overload. The modern practice is
to used MCB instead of fuses.

MCB are not used for low cost construction.

ELCB (EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT

BREAKER )
If an electrical appliance with a fault is connected to
the line and if its metal parts are not earthed, the
metal may become live without the fuse blowing
such a situation can produced an electrical shock to
the person touching it. However , the metal body is
earthed then current will flow through the earth wire .
it is common to use a trapping device is called
ELCB.

 RCCB

(RESIDUAL
CIRCUIT BREAKER)

CURRENT

This is a much more positive protection device that

can be provided instead of ELCB to avoid shocks
and also current leakage in wiring of buildings. An
RCCB is connected to all the three phases and the
neutral. It is more expensive then ELCB and
provides good protection against even minor defects
in the wiring of a building.

 EARTHING
Earthing of the process of connecting the electrical
appliances to the ground so that any unforeseen
current such as leakages, faults, etc. is immediately
discharged to the earth. The purpose of earthing is to
avoid electric shock to the human body. All metallic
casing parts of portable equipments like heater,
electric iron, refrigerator, hair drier, etc. are required
to be earthed.

TYPES OF EARTHING
There are various methods of earthing like:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Wire earthing
Rod earthing
Pipe earthing
Plate earthing

SYSTEMS OF WIRING
SYSTEMS

1.
2.
3.

OF WIRING

The main systems of wiring are:

Wooden casing capping wiring
Cleat wiring
CTS or TRS wiring

WOODEN CASING CAPPING

WIRING
1.

Wooden casing capping wiring:

In this type of wiring teak wooden casing and

capping is used.

The casing is a long wooden strip with two grooves

which is fixed to the wall.

In the grooves, VIR (vulcanized indian rubber) wires

are placed and the casing is covered with long wood
strip, known as capping.

CLEAT WIRING
2.

Cleat wiring:

In this type of wiring , a chinaware porcelain cleat is

used.

It has two parts; in the lower part are two to three

slots a hole for fixing screw.

First of all holes are drilled into the wall at about 0.3
m to 0.6 m distance and wooden plugs are fixed on
the holes.

CTS OR TRS WIRING

3.

CTS or TRS wiring:

This is one of the oldest type of wiring system and is

also called as batten wiring system.

Teak wood batten are used in this system with clips

fixed at 6 cm to 15 cm internals.

PVC, CTS or TRS wires are used in this system.

CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS

THANK YOU