CCSI_3G RNO BASIC

TRAINING
Prepare By: Peter Wylson
Marpaung.

3G TECHNOLOGY USING
CDMA

All CDMA users occupy the same frequency at the same time! Frequency
and time are not used as discriminators.

CDMA operates by using CODES to discriminate between users.

CDMA interference comes mainly from nearby users

3G Spread data power using 3.84 Mchips/s bandwidth.

Spreading

Despreadin
g

radio channel

A
Transmitter

Data + Noise

Receiver

3G TECHNOLOGY USING
CDMA

Many user after spread then combined to become a composite signal.

At receiver, the composite signal have dispreading using a orthogonal code

to separate the user data.

Many code channels are individually

spread and then added together to
create a composite signal

3G TECHNOLOGY USING
CDMA

Before the spread result combined become a composite signal, it is

processing using orthogonal code as differentiators at receiver next.

Code1

+1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1

Code1

+1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1

Code2

-1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1

Code2

+1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1

Mul

-1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1

Mul

+1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1

Sum

Orthogonal

Orthogonal Code is:

Sum

-2

Non-orthogonal

While result of multiplying and sum is 0

Direct spread technique

S1xC1

S1

Spreading

W
S2

S
N

S2XC2

[S1xC1+S2xC2]xC
1
=S1

Air Interface

(S1xC1)+(S2xC2)

Despreading
[S1xC1+S2xC2]x
C2
=S2

C1xC2=0,
C1,C2,orthogonal

3G POWER CONTROL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Transmit power on all users must be carefully controlled so their signals reach the base station at the same
signal level and at the absolute minimum power level necessary to ensure acceptable service quality.
Interference in 3G are coming from UE (between User).
Many user will causing Load Increment
Many user will causing increment of noise.
Increment of Noise will degrade Ec/No.
The purpose of DL power control: Saving power resource of NodeB, reducing interference to other NodeB.
The purpose of UL power control: Overcoming Near-Far effect, save power of UE

Power

Power
f

WRONG !!!!
Every UE has different UL Power, this will
cause capacity decrement and
degradation of Ec/No due to Noise.

BETTER !!!
Power control technology will reduce the
interference among each UEs
and increase system capacity .

3G POWER CONTROL
There are 3 type of power control in WCDMA:
1.
Open Loop Power Control.
UTRAN Give Order to UE regarding initial power base on DL receive level (RSCP).

2.
3.

Close Loop Power Control * Inner Loop (Between UE and NodeB)

NodeB and UE have discussion regarding current SIR compare to SIR Target. It will check for 1500times/second.
Close Loop Power Control * Close Loop (Between RNC and NodeB)
NodeB and RNC have discussion regarding current BLER compare to BLER Target. Result of discussion is inner
loop SIR target adjustment.

3G POWER CONTROL
Close Loop Power Control * Close Loop (Between RNC and NodeB at dedicated
mode)
NodeB and RNC have discussion regarding current BLER compare to BLER Target.
Result of discussion is inner loop SIR target adjustment.
BLER HIGH & Quality Low Increase SIR
BLER Low & Quality High Decrease SIR

Close Loop Power Control * Inner Loop (Between UE and NodeB at dedicated
mode)
SIR Target < Current SIR Reduce Power
SIR Target > Current SIR Increase Power

3G POWER CONTROL
Close Loop Power Control * Inner Loop (Between UE and NodeB at dedicated
mode)
SIR Target < Current SIR Reduce Power
SIR Target > Current SIR Increase Power

3G POWER CONTROL
Power Control Also Triggered by 3G Cell System Load.
Cell Load < CellUnderrunThd = Increase DL power
Cell Load > CellOverrunThd = Decrease DL power
This is called :

Cell Breathing. System will adjust coverage to safe his

system load balance.

So it is the answer, why drive test result at Busy Hours and Non Busy Hours is
totally different. Due to some blank spot, will causing drop service.

Handover

3G Handover
Soft handover
Intra-RNC, inter-Node B
MOD UCELLINTRAFREQHO:;
Inter-RNC
Softer handover
Same Node B, Inter- sector

Hard handover :
Intra-frequency handover
Inter-frequency handover MOD UCELLINTERRATHOCOV:;
MOD UCELLINTERFREQHOCOV:;
Inter-system (3G&2G)
Inter-mode (FDD&TDD)

Handover

3G Soft Handover

A
S

M
N

M
N

MA
NS

M
N

Soft handover has more than 1 Radio Link Connection while handover event.
Like UE touched by so many hand.

Handover

3G Soft Handover

Soft handover has more than 1 Radio Link Connection while handover event.
It have Active set (AS), Monitoring neighbor (MN) and DN (Detected neighbor)
if founded.
From above capture, it have :
1. More than 1 AS (Means: He touched by 3 hand).
2. He has Some MN (Means: he has several neighbor created that detected during log
file collection)
3. He has 2 DN (Means: He has several uncreated neighbor relation that catch inside
neighbor table.

Handover

3G Soft Handover

Active Set:
The set of cells connected with UE;
User information is transmitted from these cells.
Monitor Set:
The set of cells not within the active set but being
monitored by a UE according to the adjacent node list
allocated by UTRAN.
Detect Set:
The set of cells in neither the active set nor the monitor
set.

Handover

3G Soft Handover Event

Event 1A to Event 1D related to Active Set

Activity.
Event 1E and 1F related to Monitoring Set
Activity.

Handover

3G Soft Handover
NodeB
DRNS)

UE

NodeB
(SRNS)

DRNC

SRNC

Measurement
report
A

RL creation request

RL setup request
RL setup response

RL setup response

Active set update command

Active set update completion
B

RL Deletion request
RL Deletion response

Active set Update is the unique signaling for SHO.

Handover

3G Soft Handover

Why we need T (Delay for trigger time) ?? Because to prevent

unnecessary event activation.

TEMSEVENT 1A

18

TEMSEVENT 1A

19

TEMSEVENT 1B

20

Handover

3G Soft Handover
Conclusion:
Event 1A is to add neighbor as active set. We can faster SHO
with below parameter:
1. MOD UCELLINTRAFREQHO: TrigTime1A= xx;
Make xx to smaller value. So it will be faster
execution. Be carefully: Too small value will cause
ping pong SHO at several case
2. MOD UCELLINTRAFREQHO: IntraRelThdFor1ACSVP=xx,
IntraRelThdFor1ACSNVP=xx, IntraRelThdFor1APS=xx;
Make xx to bigger value. So it will more MN can be
absorb. Be carefully: Too big value will cause service
drop at several case

Event 1B is to remove an AS from active set list. We can

faster and longer remove a cell from AS using above concept
(Trigger time and Reporting range).

Handover

3G Hard Handover

A
S

A
S

A
S

Hard handover has only 1 Radio Link Connection while handover event. UE
already disconnected from the old Connection while setup a new connection

Handover

3G Hard Handover
UE

Target Node
B

Original
NodeB

SRNC

Measurement report
RL setup request
RL setup response
Reconfiguration command
Reconfiguration completion
RL deletion request
RL deletion response

Reconfigure command is the unique signaling for hard handover.

Handover

3G hard Handover Event

Compress Mode was activated and deactivated from 2D (Start

Measure) and 2F (Stop Measure) Event. And he filter the other

Handover

3G hard Handover Event

Attention please: If you put 2D at maximum value, then it will

hard to share traffic from 3G to 2G. It will cause congestion in 3G and
dragging in 3G edge coverage. So be carefully. And Using 2D and 2F
parameter ypu can reduce system load and reduce Service drop.

3G WCDMA Dictionary
RRC (Radio Resources Control) is a signaling and control protocol
which make connection from UE to UTRAN which provides information
transfer service to the NAS (Non Access Stratum).
UE need RRC setup for every service requested.
CN
RANAP

UE

RRC

RNC

RNSAP
RNC

NBAP
NBAP Node B Application Part
RANAP: Radio Access Network Application Part
RNSAP: Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
RRC: Radio Resource Control

Node B

3G WCDMA Dictionary
RAB (Radio Access Bearer) consist of RB (Radio Bearer) and RL
(Radio Link). It connect UE to Core Network.
RB (Radio Bearer): The service provided by the Layer 2 for the
transfer of user data between UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
RL (Radio Link): RL is a logical Connection between single UE (User
Equipment) and a single UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Network) access point.

3G CALL SETUP PROCESS

As mentioned before, UE need RRC setup for every 3G service
requested. Afterward setup a RAB connection.

RRCConnectionSetup
SuccessRatio

RABAssignment
SuccessRatio

3G CALL SETUP PROCESS

Call Setup Success is

Success to setup RRC Connection and Success setup

RAB Connection.
Call Setup Success Rate is

RRC Setup Success Rate * RAB Setup Success Rate

Means: If you have 1 problem (RRC or RAB) then your
CCSR become worst. Become more worst if both
problem (RRC an RAB)