Transformer

Presented By; Wasif Jabbar,Faisal Hayat,Irfan khan,M.Iqbal

Contents
Introduction
Working principle
Components of transformer
Types of transformer

Introduction
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy
between two or more circuits through electromagnetic
induction.
Electrical transformer is a static device which transforms
electrical energy from one circuit to another without any
direct electrical connection and with the help of mutual
induction between two windings. It transforms power from
one circuit to another without changing its frequency but
may be in different voltage level.

Working Principle
The working principle of transformer is very simple. It depends upon
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Actually, mutual induction
between two or more winding is responsible for transformation action
in an electrical transformer.
According to these Faraday's laws,
This law states that, if a closed conductor is
subjected to a varying magnetic field, then
the induced emf in the conductor is equal to
the rate of change of flux linkages of that
magnetic field. So, we can say that, the
induced voltage is:e = Nd / dt volt.

Cont.
Both primary and secondary coil are connected to each other
transformers area magnetic. That one circuit to another
byelectro-magnetic Induction circuit energy transfer occurs. Energy
transfer occurs only in one circuit to another transformers circuits, but
does not convert to energy.

Components of transformer
There are following components of
transformer
Core
Windings
Transformer oil
Conservator
Breather
Cooling tubes
Buchholz Relay

core
Core is used to support the windings in the transformer. It also
provides a low reluctance path to the flow of magnetic flux. It is made
up of laminated soft iron core in order to reduce eddy current loss and
Hysteresis loss. The composition of a transformer core depends on such
factors as voltage, current, and frequency. Diameter of the transformer
core is directly proportional to copper loss and is inversely proportion to
the iron loss.

windings
There are two windings wound over the transformer core which are
insulated from each other. Windings consists of several turns of copper
coils bundled together an each bundles are connected in series to form
a winding.

Transformer oil
Transformer oil performs two important functions of insulation as well
as cooling for the core and coil assembly. Core and windings of the
transformer must be completely immersed in the oil. Normally
hydrocarbon mineral oils are used as transformer oil. Oil
contamination is a serious problem because it robs its dielectric
properties and renders it useless as an insulating medium

Conservator
Conservator conserves the transformer oil. It is an airtight metallic
cylindrical drum which is fitted above the transformer. The conservator
tank is vented to the atmosphere at the top and the normal oil level is
approximately in the middle of the conservator to allow expansion and
contraction of oil during the temperature variations. It is connected to
the main tank inside the transformer which is completely filled with
transformer oil through a pipeline.

Breather
The insulating oil of transformer is provided for cooling and insulating
purpose. Expansion and contraction of oil during the temperature
variations cause pressure change inside the conservator. This change in
pressure is balanced by the flow of atmospheric air into and out of the
conservator. Transformer breather is a cylindrical container which is
filled with silica gel. Insulating oil reacts with moisture can affect the
paper insulation or may even lead to some internal faults. So it is
necessary that the air entering the tank is moisture free. It consists of
silica

Cooling tubes
Cooling tubes are used to cool the transformer oil. The transformer oil
is circulated through the cooling tubes. The circulation of the oil may
either be natural or forced circulation. In natural circulation, when the
temperature of the oil raises the hot oil naturally moves to the top and
the cold oil moves downwards. Thus the oil keeps on circulating
through the tubes. In forced circulation, an external pump is used for
circulating the oil.

Buchholz relay
It is a protective device container housed over the connecting pipe from
main tank to conservator tank. It is used to sense the faults occurring
inside the transformer. It is a simple relay which is operated by the
gases emitted due to the decomposition of transformer oil during
internal faults. It helps in sensing and protecting the transformer from
internal faults.

Types of transformer
Core type transformer
Core Type Transformer has single magnetic circuit. The core is
rectangular having two limbs. The winding encircles the core. The coils
used are of cylindrical.The coils are wound in helical layers with
different layers insulated from each other by paper or mica. Both the
coils are placed on both the limbs. The low voltage coil is placed inside
near the core while high voltage coil surrounds the low voltage coil.
Core is made up of large number of thin laminations.

Shell type transformer

Shell Type Transformers has a double magnetic circuit. The core has 3
limbs. Both the windings are placed on the central limb. The core
encircles most part of the windings. The cols used are generally
multilayer disc type or sandwich coils. Each high voltage coil is in
between two low voltage coils and low voltage coils are nearest to tip
and bottom of the yokes.

Thanks