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Packetswitchedandcircuitswitchednetworksuse
twodifferenttechnologiesforsendingmessages
anddatafromonepointtoanother.
Eachhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages
dependingonwhatyouaretryingtodo.
Packet Switching
Inpacketbasednetworks,themessage
getsbrokenintosmalldatapackets.
Thesepacketsaresentoutfromthe
computerandtheytravelaroundthe
networkseekingoutthemostefficient
routetotravelascircuitsbecome
available.Thisdoesnotnecessarily
meanthattheyseekouttheshortest
route.
Eachpacketmaygoadifferentroute
fromtheothers.
Packet Switching
Eachpacketissentwithaheaderaddress.Thistellsit
whereitsfinaldestinationis,soitknowswheretogo.
Theheaderaddressalsodescribesthesequencefor
reassemblyatthedestinationcomputersothatthepackets
areputbackintothecorrectorder.
Onepacketalsocontainsdetailsofhowmanypacketsshould
bearrivingsothattherecipientcomputerknowsifone
packethasfailedtoturnup.
Ifapacketfailstoarrive,therecipientcomputersendsa
messagebacktothecomputerwhichoriginallysentthedata,
askingforthemissingpackettoberesent.
Packet Switching
Difference between circuit switching and packet
switching:
Packet Switching
Message is broken up into segments (packets).
Each packet carries the identification of the intended
recipient, data used to assist in data correction and the
position of the packet in the sequence.
Each packet is treated individually by the switching
centre and may be sent to the destination by a totally
different route to all the others.
Packet Switching
Packet Switching
Advantages:
Security
Bandwidth used to full potential
Devices of different speeds can communicate
Not affected by line failure (rediverts signal)
Availability do not have to wait for a direct
connection to become available
During a crisis or disaster, when the public
telephone network might stop working, e-mails
and texts can still be sent via packet switching
Packet Switching
Disadvantages
Under heavy use there can be a delay
Data packets can get lost or become
corrupted
Protocols are needed for a reliable transfer
Not so good for some types data streams
e.g real-time video streams can lose frames
due to the way packets arrive out of
sequence.
Circuit Switching
Circuit Switching
Therearethreephasesincircuit
switching:
Establish
Transfer
Disconnect
Thetelephonemessageissentin
onego,itisnotbrokenup.The
messagearrivesinthesameorder
thatitwasoriginallysent.
Circuit Switching
Inmoderncircuitswitchednetworks,electronicsignals
passthroughseveralswitchesbeforeaconnectionis
established.
Duringacall,noothernetworktrafficcanusethose
switches.
Theresourcesremaindedicatedtothecircuitduringthe
entiredatatransferandtheentiremessagefollowsthe
samepath.
Circuitswitchingcanbeanalogueordigital
Circuit Switching
WiththeexpandeduseoftheInternetforvoiceand
video,analystspredictagradualshiftawayfrom
circuitswitchednetworks.
Acircuitswitchednetworkisexcellentfordatathat
needsaconstantlinkfromendtoend.Forexample
realtimevideo.
Circuit Switching
Circuit Switching
Advantages:
Circuitisdedicatedtothecallnointerference,
nosharing
Guaranteedthefullbandwidthfortheduration
ofthecall
GuaranteedQualityofService
Circuit Switching
Disadvantages:
Inefficienttheequipmentmaybeunusedfora
lotofthecall,ifnodataisbeingsent,the
dedicatedlinestillremainsopen
Takesarelativelylongtimetosetupthecircuit
Duringacrisisordisaster,thenetworkmay
becomeunstableorunavailable.
Itwasprimarilydevelopedforvoicetraffic
ratherthandatatraffic.
Itischeapertoexpandapacketswitchingsystem.
Circuitswitchedtechnologies,whichtakefourtimesas
longtodoubletheirperformance/cost,forceISPstobuy
thatmanymoreboxestokeepup.Thisiswhyeveryone
islookingforwaystogetInternettrafficoffthe
telephonenetwork.Thealternativeofbuildingupthe
telephonenetworktosatisfythedemandgrowthis
economicallyoutofthequestion.
Thebattlebetweencircuitandpackettechnologieshas
beenaroundalongtime,anditisstartingtobelikethe
oldstoryofthetortoiseandthehare.Inthiscase,the
hareiscircuitswitchingfast,reliableandsmart.The
harestartsoutfastandkeepsasteadypace,whilethe
tortoisestartsslowbutmanagestodoublehisspeed
every100meters.
Iftheraceislongerthan2km,thepowerof
compoundingfavoursthetortoise.