Fabrication of Sheet

Cutting

INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic Sheet metal cuttingis a major classification for many
different pressworking operations. Cutting operations involve the
separation of the metal of the sheet in certain areas. This separation
is caused by shearing forces acting on the metal through the edges of
the punch and die. Pressworking, a term referencing sheet metal
operations in general, involves the working of a sheet between two
die. In pressworking, the upper die is called a punch. Sheet and plate
generally refers to rolled metal with a high surface area to volume
ratio. The difference is that sheet metal is under 1/4 inch (6mm) in
thickness, while plate metal is thicker. Most of the sheet metal cutting
processes discussed can be performed on both sheet and plate
metal, although for many sheet metal operations difficulties will arise
with increasing plate thickness. Usually "sheet" and "sheet metal" is
also referencing plate.

hydraulic sheet cutter

Cutting Tools
Straight snip - They have straight
jaws and used for straight line
cutting.
Curved snip - They have curved
blades for making circular cuts.

Straight snip

Demerits
Wrinkling and tearing are typical
limits to drawing operations
Different techniques can be used
to overcome these limitations
Draw beads
Vertical projections and
matching grooves in the die
and blank holder
Trimming may be used to reach
final dimension

Merits
High strength
Good dimensional accuracy and surface finish
Relatively low cost

The Advantages and Disadvantages of this

Hydraulic Arm
Advantages:
have many industrial uses.
When used in a locomotive format can be of great use in the
production and packaging field.
The simplicity and easy to repair design makes it really cheap.
Disadvantages:
The input here is mechanical.
Use of electrical circuits can make it much more simpler to
operate and have a better control over it which is difficult in
purely mechanical design.

CONCLUSION
This project has met its objective to produce a C-Frame Hydraulic
Press and its function is limited to U-Bending. We designed a hydraulic
press which costs less than that available in the market. We are very
good at what we have done and had fun doing it. Our hydraulic press
is useful to do metal forming operations and as it is a 2 tonne capacity
press. We can do simple operations like bending, blanking and
piercing, which is very useful and helpful to do small works at our
college. We chose a simple c-frame press which occupies less space
which any one can operate, and manufactured it at 1/3rd of the
original cost in the market. We have also done analysis of c-frame of
the press. We tested our project by producing a U-bend of sheet
metal. Our product was first planned to be a washer but due to cost
considerations of die we have limited to bending operation. As our
project is based on manufacturing of hydraulic press and U-bending,
further modifications can be done and increase its applications.

Metal arc welding

It is a process of joining two metal pieces by melting the edges by an electric arc.
The electric arc is produced between two conductors. The electrode is one conductor
and the work piece is another conductor. The electrode and the work piece are brought
nearer with small air gap. (3mm app.)
When current is passed an electric arc is produced between the electrode and the
work piece. The work piece and the electrode are melted by the arc. Both molten piece of
metal become one. Temperature of arc is about 4000c Electrodes used in arc welding
are coated with a flux. This flux produces a gaseous shield around the molten metal. It
prevents the reaction of the molten metal with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
The flux removes the impurities from the molten metal and form a slag. This slag gets
deposited over the weld metal. This protects the weld seam from rapid cooling. Fig.1
shows arc welding process.

Thank you