BASE ISOLATION USING PERIODIC FOUNDATIONS

Presented by
SANJITH R.
M140136CE

Guided by
1

INTRODUCTION
Earthquakes

are
one of the worst
natural calamities

Causes

instantaneous
destruction of
property and loss
of life

Damages due to earthquakes

Source:
www.omegaearthscience.pbworks.co2

INTRODUCTION
Generates

P and S waves at the

earthquake focus

Source: www.

INTRODUCTION
Structures

are usually designed to

resist the transient horizontal forces

Behaviour of buildings during earthquake

Source: www. mceer.buffalo.c

4

BASE ISOLATION SYSTEMS

One

of the most effective means of

protecting structure from earthquakes
Decouples the structure from horizontal
ground motion induced by earthquakes
Increases the natural time period of
vibration

Source:
Dhawade,
2014
Behaviour of fixed and base isolated buildings

Common Methods Of Base

Isolation
1.

By introducing a layer with low

horizontal stiffness between
structure and foundation
Eg. Elastomeric bearings

Source: Ribakov and Ishakov,2008

Common Methods Of Base

Isolation
2.

By keeping the coefficient of friction

as low as possible thereby limiting
the transfer of shear
Eg. Spherical sliding system

Source:
www.oiles.co.jp.
com

Advantages
Reduces

structural damage

Building

remains functional even after

a major earthquake

Slender

structural elements can be

used since earthquake forces acting
on super structure is less

Secondary

damage and injury is

restricted
Reduces

maintenance and repair costs

10

Disadvantages
Building

will have large residual

horizontal displacement relative to
foundation after an earthquake

Source: Monfared et al.,

Elastic design

11

Disadvantages
Chances

of overturn of structure as
vertical bearing capacity of rubber
base is relatively poor

The

effect of soil foundation

interaction is ignored

Isolation

systems subjected to seismic

waves from an oblique direction not
considered

12

PERIODIC STRUCTURES
Characteristics:
Made

up of an infinite or finite
repetition of unit cells in one, two or
three direction

Source: Shi et al.,

13

PERIODIC STRUCTURES. . .
Possess

bands of frequency gaps

known as attenuation zones (AZ)
Does not allow the propagation of
wave whose frequency falls within the
frequency gap of the material in any
direction

Source: Xiang et
al., 2012

14

PERIODIC FOUNDATIONS
Requirements:
Made

of common construction
materials such as concrete, steel and
rubber

Source: Xiang et
al., 2012
15

PERIODIC FOUNDATIONS. . .
Attenuation

zone -within the strong

frequency range of the earthquake
(usually 0.1 Hz to 20 Hz)

Width

of Attenuation Zone(WAZ)=

Upper Bound Frequency(UBF) Lower

Bound Frequency(LBF)
Height

of each unit cell (periodic

constant) should not be too large

Thickness

of concrete matrix should

not be too small
16

STUDIES USING PERIODIC

FOUNDATION
Parameters governing the influence of
periodic foundation:

a-periodic constant
r- core radius

Source: Shi and Huang,

2013
17

Material Parameters
Some of the properties of the material
used for the analysis are:
Material

(kg/m3)

E (GPa)

Soil

1900

3x10-1

0.35

Concrete

2500

30

0.2

Rubber

1300

1.37x10-4

0.463

Steel

7890

210

0.275

Lead

11600

40.8

0.37

Aluminium

2716

70

0.3

Copper

8900

108

0.34

Source: Shi and Huang, 2013

18

Influence of Periodic Constant

(A)and Core Radius(R) on
Attenuation Zones
For periodic structures with 2
components:

Source: Cheng and Shi, 2013

19

Influence of Periodic Constant

and Core Radius on Attenuation
Zones
For periodic structures with 3
components:

Type- CRS
A=2m
d- coating
thickness

Source: Cheng and Shi, 2013

20

Influence of Periodic Constant

and Core Radius on Attenuation
Zones
Type- CRS
d= 0.1m

Source: Cheng and Shi, 2013

21

Influence of Periodic Constant

and Core Radius on Attenuation
Zones
Interpretation from the graphs:

For periodic structures with 3

components:
LBF depends only on coating thickness
and core radius
Wider

AZs are obtained with

Decrease in periodic constant for a
given coating thickness
Decrease in coating thickness for a
given periodic constant

22

Influence of Core Density on

Attenuation Zones

Source: Shi and Huang,

2013

23

Influence of Filling Fraction on

Attenuation Zones
Filling

fraction ff - ratio of volume of

core to the volume of coating
material in a typical cell

Source: Shi and Huang,

24

Effect of Periodic Foundation on

Base Isolation
Case Study 1:
Vibration Attenuation and
Frequency Band Gaps in Layered
Periodic Foundation: Theory and
Experiment (Xiang et al., 2012)

25

Case Study 1
Periodic

structure consisting of
reinforced concrete and rubber was
considered

Thickness

of concrete and rubber was

taken as 0.2m

Range

of frequency gaps of the

periodic foundation was analyzed

26

Dispersion Curves

Source: Xiang et al,

2012
27

Analysis using ANSYS

Source: Xiang et al., 2012

28

Analysis using ANSYS. . .

Frequency

Response Function
FRF =20 log(0/1)
0- amplitude of displacement of point A
1- amplitude of applied horizontal
harmonic motion at bottom
Negative no. in FRF represents very
effective base isolation
Obtained similar results when vertical
harmonic motion was applied at bottom

29

Experimental Study
Scaled

model of the periodic

foundation were tested using shake
table tests

Tests

were conducted at the National

Centre for Research on Earthquake
Engineering, Taiwan

Results

were compared with specimen

having no periodic foundation
30

Shake Table Test Setup

Source: Xiang et al.,

2012

31

Shake Table Test Setup. . .

Contact

area of rubber and RC slab

was 1m2
Total

mass of test specimen with

periodic foundation=1.5 t

Biaxial

shaking table test was

performed

1975

Oroville seismogram obtained

from PEER Ground Database, 2011
was used as input motion

background vibration frequency of

50Hz was recorded
32

Dynamic responses induced by

background vibration

Source: Xiang et al.,

2012

33

Horizontal Acceleration Responses

of the top of the frames

Source: Xiang et al.,

34

Vertical time history of the top of

the frames

Source: Xiang et al.,

2012

35

Case Study 2

Seismic isolation foundations with

effective attenuation zones (Shi
et al., 2014)

36

Case Study 2
Compared

the performance of periodic

foundation with structure having
rubber bearings and those without any
base isolation

6 storey frame was considered for

the analysis

Structures

were modeled in ANSYS

10.0
Acceleration

records corresponding to
3 different seismic ground motions
were taken as input
37

ANSYS model

Source: Shi et al.,

2014

38

Acceleration in x-direction of
node A and their Fourier spectra

Source: Shi et al.,

2014

Applied Peak
acceleration-65 gal

39

Acceleration in x-direction of
node A and their Fourier spectra

Source: Shi et al.,

2014

Applied Peak acceleration109 gal

40

Acceleration in x-direction of
node A and their Fourier spectra

Source: Shi et al.,

2014

Applied Peak acceleration262 gal

41

Maximum relative displacement of super

structure under different seismic inputs

Source:
Shi et al.,
2014
42

CONCLUSION
Periodic

foundation made of RC and

rubber can serve as a multi
dimensional seismically isolated
foundation

Performance

depends on LBF, UBF and

WAZ
High

density of core & increase in

filling fraction decreases LBF

High

density of core & increase in

filling fraction and size of core
increases WAZ

43

Interpretation by Author
Property

of periodic structures to
reflect/block certain frequencies is utilized
for base isolation

Similar

to traditional rubber bearings, yet

more effective in base isolation

Material

and geometrical parameters can be

adjusted so that AZs of the material match
with the possible seismic wave input

Can

also be used as a filter to isolate

environmental vibrations

44

REFERENCES
H.J

Xiang, Z.F Shi, S.J Wang, Y.L Mo (2012). Vibration

Attenuation and Frequency Band Gaps in Layered
Periodic Foundation: Theory and Experiment. Proc. Of
the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Hossein Monfared, Ayoub Shirvani, Sunny Nwaubani
(2013). An investigation into the seismic base isolation
from practical perspective. International Journal of Civil
and Structural Engineering, 33(3), pp. 451-463
S.M. Dhawade (2014). Comparative Study for Seismic
Performance of Base Isolated & Fixed Based RC Frame
Structure. International Journal of Civil Engineering
Research, Research India publications, 5(2), pp. 183190
Y. Ribakov and I. Iskhakov (2008). Experimental
Methods for Selecting Base Isolation Parameters for
Public Buildings. The Open Construction and Building
Technology Journal, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.,
45
Vol. 2, pp. 1-6

REFERENCES
Zhibao

Cheng and Zhifei Shi (2013). Novel

composite periodic structures with attenuation
zones. Engineering Structures, Elsevier, 56,
pp.1271-1282
Zhifei Shi and Jiankun Huang (2013). Feasibility of
reducing three-dimensional wave energy by
introducing periodic foundations. Soil Dynamics and
Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier, 50, pp. 204-212
Zhifei Shi, Zhibao Cheng, Hongjun Xiang (2014).
Seismic isolation foundations with effective
attenuation zones. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering, Elsevier, 57, pp.143-151
www.academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/pl
ates/platetec18.htm accessed on 1/10/2014
www.oiles.co.jp/en/menshin/buildig/menshin/product
s/fps accessed on 1/10/2014

46

THANK YOU

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