PATINFORMATICS FOR

RESEARCH PLANNING

RAJ HIRWANI
HEAD
CSIR-URDIP, PUNE

URDIP

Patents- A Social Contract

URDIP

Patent rights are granted in return for the

inventors full disclosure of the technology
to the public
The patent holder receives the right to
prevent anyone else from practicing the
invention
In exchange, the government ensures that
the information regarding the invention is
publicly disclosed, and the invention itself
is available for anyones use after the
expiration of the patent.

PATENT INFORMATION
CREATE REPOSITORIES OF VITAL
INFORMATION
65 MILLION PATENT DOCUMENTS
GROWING RAPIDLY ( USPTO ISSUED
5000+ PATENTS IN FIRST WEEK OF JAN.)
70% OF THIS KNOWLEDGE NOT
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE
FREE ACCESS TO WORLDWIDE PATENT
INFORMATION (ICT ADVANTAGE)

URDIP

Type of Information

URDIP

Technical information from the description and

drawings of the invention;
Legal information from the patent claims defining
the scope of the patent and from its legal status;
Business-relevant information from reference
data identifying the inventor, assignee, date of
filing, country of origin, etc.;
Public policy-relevant information from an
analysis of filing trends to be used by
policymakers, e.g., in national industrial policy
strategy.

PATINFORMATICS
Science of analyzing patent
information to discover
relationships and trends that
would be difficult to see when
working with documents on a
one-to-one basis.
- Encompasses Patent Citation
analysis, Patent Mapping and
Patent Intelligence

URDIP

WHY PATINFORMATICS ?

URDIP

EARLIEST DISCLOSURE OF TECHNOLOGY- FIRST

PUBLICATION AFTER 18 MONTHS OF FILING
MAJORITY OF PATENTS ECONOMICALLY NONSIGNIFICANT WHEN ISSUED
MANY PATENTS ARE TECHNICALLY IMPORTANT
LEVEL OF PATENT ACTIVITY- INDICATOR OF THE
VALUE
TECHNICAL CONTENT AND RELATED LEGAL
AND BUSINESS INFORMATION HAS MANY
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

PATENT CITATIONS
URDIP

REFERENCES OF EARLIER PATENTS EVIDENCE OF A CONNECTION BETWEEN

TECHNICAL CONTENT AND POTENTIAL
RELATIONSHIP
HIGHLY CITED PATENT TECHNICALLY
MORE RELEVANT
BUSINESS SIGNIFICANCE DUE TO PATENT
AROUND PRACTICE

R & D MANAGEMENT

URDIP

FIND OUT WHAT ALREADY EXISTS ( STATE

OF ART/ IP LANDSCAPE) AND BUILD ON IT
COMPARE IN TERMS OF UNIQUENESS,COSTEFFECTIVENESS AND MARKET ACCEPTANCE
EVALUATE PROCESS/ PRODUCT PLANSIMPROVED R&D ALLOCATION(PICK
WINNERS, AVOID LOSERS)
DEFINE PACING TECHNOLOGIES
BETTER INVENTIVE IDEA AWARENESS

PRODUCT AREA SURVELLANCE

TECHNOLOGY MONITORING-CONTINOUS
PROCESS
IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT NEW THRUSTS IN
TECHNICAL DIRECTION, SPOT NEW
ASSIGNEES, OR TRACK CHANGES IN THE
POSITION OF ACTIVE ASSIGNEES
CHECK FOR INFRINGEMENTS
BETTER PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY

URDIP

TECHNOLOGY COMPETITION
ANALYSIS
TECHNOLOGY POSITIONS OF MAJOR PLAYERS
CHARACTERISE HIGH- AND LOW-GROWTH
TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPETITORS
CHARACTERISTICS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
ANALYSIS CAN BE FOCUSSED ON
- COMPANIES
- TECHNOLOGIES

2012 U.S. Patent Leaders

URDIP

1. IBM
2. Samsung
3. Canon
4. Sony
5.Panasonic
6. Microsoft
7. Toshiba
8. Hon Hei
9. GE
10. LG

6,478
5,081
3,174
3,032,
2,769
2,447
2,013
1,652
1,624
1,514

2011 U.S. Patent Leaders

URDIP

1. IBM
2. Samsung
3. Canon
4. Panasonic
5. Toshiba
6. Microsoft
7. Sony
8. Seiko
9. Hon Hei
10. Hitachi

6,180
4,894
2,821
2,559
2,483
2,311
2,286
1,533
1,514
1,465

URDIP

URDIP

URDIP

URDIP

Top 10 IPC v/s Patent Numbers (2006-2010)

URDIP

URDIP

IPC :G06Q

URDIP

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR

METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL,
FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY
OR FORECASTING PURPOSES;SYSTEMS
OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL,
FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY
OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT
OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR.

IPC: G06F
ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA
PROCESSING (computers in which a part
of the computation is effected hydraulically
or pneumatically , optically ; computer
systems based on specific computational
models ; impedance networks using digital
techniques)

URDIP

Top 10 Assignees Working in the Area of G06Q

(2006-2010)
URDIP

Top 10 Assignees Working in the Area of G06F

(2006-2010)
URDIP

NEW VENTURE EVALUATION

VALUABLE INSIGHTS INTO THE AREAS OF
DIVERSIFICATION
TECHNOLOGICAL HEALTH OF THE FIRMS AND
THEIR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRY (Ex. Optical Fiber)
COMPANY FOCUSSED ANALYSIS WILL IDENTIFY
POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGY LEADERS/
ACQUISITIONS/JV PARTNERS
REDUCE PLANNING UNCERTAINITY &
INVESTMENT RISK

URDIP

PATENT PORTFOLIO
MANAGEMENT

URDIP

IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF OPPORTUNITIES

FOR INCOME GENERATION
ASSIST DECISION-MAKING IN
COMMERCIALISATION CHOICES
(LICENSE,SELL,DEVELOP OR DISCARD
TEHNOLOGIES)
IDENTIFY VALUABLE PATENTS, PRODUCT AREAS,
OR SPINOFFS
IDENTIFY POTENTIAL TECHNICAL CUSTOMERS

TECHNO-LEGAL STUDIES

URDIP

PATENTABILITY, VALIDITY AND FREEDOM TO OPERATE

DETAILED PRIOR ART SEARCH AND IDENTIFICATION OF
CRITICAL PATENTS AND LITERATURE
LOOK FOR NOVELTY, NON-OBVIOUSNESS AND UTILITY
PROVIDE ALL THE REQUIRED TECHNICAL BACKUP AND
ANALYSIS
FURTHER LEGAL POSITION DEVELOPED BY PATENT
LAWYERS

Samsung
Electronics
Announce
Patent
Cross-License
URDIP
SEOUL, South
Koreaand
andIBM
ARMONK,
N.Y.,
- 08 Feb
2011: Samsung
Agreement
Electronics Co., Ltd. and IBM today announced a patent cross-license
agreement, under which the companies will license their respective
patent portfolios to each other.
Over the past several decades, IBM and Samsung have
built strong patent portfolios covering a wide range of
technologies including semiconductors,
telecommunications, visual and mobile communications,
software and technology-based services. This crosslicensing agreement enables the two companies to
innovate and operate freely while using each other's
patented inventions to help keep pace with sophisticated
technology and business demands

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

URDIP

IDENTIFY MOST PROLIFIC INVENTORS

TRACK THEIR SCIENTIFIC CAREER, PROGRESS OF
RESEARCH AND CURRENT AREAS OF ACTIVITY
AND EMPLOYMENT RECORD
TARGET THEM FOR EMPLOYMENT,
CONSULTANCIES OR STUDENTS

CARBAMATE CHEMISTRY

R-OH
COCl2
CH3NH2
Alpha-Naphthol
Phosgene
Methylamine
A
B
C
Proceses
(a) CH3NH2 (C) + COCl2 (B) CH3 NCO (MIC)
MIC + -Naphthol (A) Carbaryl
-Naphthol (A) + COCl2 (B) Carbomyl
chloride
Carbomyl chloride + CH3NH2 (C) Carbaryl

FIRMWISE DISTRIBUTION OF
PATENTS
COMPANY

PATENTS

COMPANY

PATENTS

BASF

ELI LILLY

BAYER

EXXON

Du Pont

FMC

ENICHEM

ICI

MONSANTO

IDEMITSU

HALCON

KEMISK

UNION CARBIDE

MITSUBISHI

TEXACO

MOBIL

AKZONA

NCL

AMOCO

QUIMCO

BP

SNAMPROZETTI

BOEHRINGER

TAMA

CHANG CHUN

INDIVIDUALS

26

44

NEW APPROACHES
Alcohol + CO Organic Carbonates
Alcohol + Urea
Carbamates
(H2N-CO-NH2)
Alcohols + Urethane Carbonic acid
(- CONH-)
esters
RNH2 + CO + Naphthols Carbamates
RNH2 + CO2 Carbamates
Improve existing processes for in-situ
generation of isocyanates

PATENT LINKAGES BETWEEN

FIRMS
ENICHEM BASF
IDEMITSU ENICHEM
UCC HALCON, BAYER
BP HALCON
NCL BP
Du Pont ENICHEM, FMC
TAMA
BAYER, BASF
ICI
BAYER
MITSUBISHI
BAYER, TEXACO

URDIP Patent Analysis and Mapping

work
Focus on
Strategic Technology Management
Scope of such activities includes :

Technology Scenario Analysis

Competitive Intelligence Studies
Technology Movement Assessment
New Product Development Studies
Freedom to Operate Studies
Research Planning Studies
Human Resource Management

TECHNOLOGY SCENARIO
ANALYSIS

Enriched Oxygen Technology for

IC Engines

URDIP

Objective

URDIP

To identify the technologies used for replacing air with

enriched oxygen for combustion in Internal Combustion
Engines

Why Use Enriched Oxygen instead of Air?

Allows smaller combustion chamber volume to
produce about the same power as compared with
a bigger engine using ambient air
Saves consumption of fuel due to lower engine
weight
More complete combustion
Reduced NOx emissions

URDIP

URDIP

In this analysis.

All the IC engine patents with integrated oxygen

enriching equipment have been considered for analysis.
Grouped

according

to

the

oxygen

separating

technologies
Sub- grouped based on the technologies used for
carrying out the separation

Others

Membrane
Reactor
Adsorption
Unit

Gas
Separation
Membrane

URDIP
Oxygenated
Gel
Container

Gas
Separator

Chemical
Separation

Oxygen
Enrichment
Device

Combination
of Methods

Magnetic
Separator

Air ionizer
Electrochemic
al Cell

Liquefactio
n Unit

Oxygen or
Ozone Supply
Unit

URDIP

URDIP

Key Findings
URDIP

Widely focused technologies Gas Separation by

Membrane Technology and Adsorption
Use of selectively permeable membranes
permselective membranes is on the rise

and

Technologies with fewer patents - Magnetic separators,

Gas separators like gas centrifuges

Emerging Technologies
Membrane reactors

Electrochemical

cells,

CASE 2

Chassis Design For Lighter Car body

Objective
To highlight the art related to chassis design and the
tubular component materials to be used in light
weight vehicles.

URDIP

BACKGROUND
URDIP

Automobile Chassis is considered to be one of the

significant structures of an automobile.
It is usually made of a steel frame, which holds the
body and motor of an automotive vehicle.
As the automobile developed engineers realized that
some types of cars, especially convertibles, required
extra strength in the middle of the car
At present Indian industries are using solid
components in cars. These can be effectively
replaced by tubular components.

ANALYSIS

URDIP

Chassis Design based on arrangement of Longitudinal and

Transverse members
Sr.No.r

Frame Design

Number of Patents

Monoque chassis

Cross members to side frame

Modular chassis

Auxiliary frame

Tie bar chassis

Structural Frame

12

Space frame

15

Rail frame chassis

28

Tubular frame chassis

32

10

Longitudinal beam chassis

54

Analysis based on the shape of the frame

Sr.No.

Shape of the chassis

Number of patents

1.

"Dog-leg" type of formation.

2.

Cylinder frame work

3.

Triangle frame

4.

Hood frame

5.

A-arm chassis

6.

H-shaped frame

7.

Ladder frame chassis

8.

Box beam chassis

11

URDIP

KEY FINDINGS
Technology focus in this area was in using tubular components
including metal, plastics and resilient materials for front or side impact
energy absorption by deformation.
Maximum number of patents are focusing on the hydro formed steel or
aluminum tubular component materials.
These hydroformed metals impart increased strength or stiffness to a
structural member, and, thus, may be used in a variety of applications.
Study also highlighted the chassis designs for cars

URDIP

COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE
STUDY
CASE II
PULMONARY INSULIN

Chamber

PULMONARY INSULIN
Advantages
Greater patient compliance
Offers high bioavailability since it facilitates rapid
drug absorption in the blood
Alveoli-surface area large; Wall thin; Activity of
metabolising enzyme low

Analysed Pulmonary Insulin

Portfolios of
2 major companies
Inhale Therapeutic Systems
Aradigm

INHALE THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS

Patents for Pulmonary Insulin classified into

A]Formulations
(i)Agglomerates
(ii)Fine Powder
(iii)Glassy state
(iv)Hydrophobic amine incorporation
(v)Dipeptide or Tripeptide incorporation

B]Apparatus and Systems for Inhalation

C]Powder filling techniques

Se ctor w is e Pate nt Activtiy of Inhale 's

Pulm onar y Ins ulin Re s e ar ch

No of
Pate nts

20
15
10
5
0
1

Formulations

Inhalers

Pow der f illing techniques

Patent Activity of Inhale in the area of

Pulmonary Insulin formulations
6% 6%

16%

17%
55%
Agglomerates

Fine Pow der

Hybrphobic amine

Dipeptide or Tripeptide

Glassy State

Pulmonary Insulin Formulations based

agglomerates

BENEFITS:
Improved flowability;
Easier transfer and metering of medicament particles;
Appropriate friability

Pulmonary Insulin formulations based

on
fine powders

Produced by spray drying under

controlled conditions
Advantages :
Preserves protein stability
Results in good powder
dispersibility

Pulmonary Insulin formulations with a glass

stabilizer

Glass stabilizer : Raffinose, Na-citrate

BENEFITS:
Provides physical stability
(keeps Insulin morphologically stable)
Stable dispersibility over time
Consistent dosing

Insulin for Pulmonary delivery with

Hydrophobic Amine
(Tryptophan, Leucine, Tyrosine)

Dipeptide or Tripeptide
(Dileucine, Trileucine)

-- Provides conformation stability during

spray drying
-- Improves dispersivity

APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS FOR

PULMONARY INSULIN DELIVERY
DISPERSION
SYSTEM
Parts:
Base
enclosure
Receptacle
Feed tube
assembly
Plume capture
chamber
Mouth piece

Benefits of Inhale Therapeutic Systems

Inhalation device
Provides substantially complete
dispersion of the medicament within
the receptacle
Minimizes waste
Enhances accuracy and precision of
dosage
Any agglomerates if formed prior to
delivery are completely broken
Delivery independent of patient
inspiratory flow rate
Reduced cost

Inhales Powder filling device

These devices, systems and methods :
Allow for accurate and precise metering of the fine
powder into unit doses for placement in unit dose
receptacles.
Provide for the rapid processing of the fine powders so
that large numbers of unit dose receptacles can rapidly
be filled with unit dosages of fine powder medicaments
in order to reduce cost.

ARADIGM
Patents for Pulmonary Insulin classified
into
Devices for delivering Insulin via
Inhalation
Usage of Breathing Maneuver for
43
increasing the bioavailability
of Inhaled
45
40
insulin
35
30
25
No of Patents
20
15
10
5
0

14

Devices

Breathing Manuever

ARADIGM
INHALATION DEVICE
Parts:
Inspiratory flow
path
Mouth piece
Disposable
package with
containers having
insulin
formulation
Spring, Plate
Sensor
Microprocessor

BENEFITS OF ARADIGM INHALATION

DEVICE

Dosing precise
Breath guidance system
Onset of action improved

COLLABORATIONS
Inhale Therapeutic Systems & Pfizer &
Aventis [Exubera]
Aradigm & NovoNordisk
[AERx insulin Diabetes Management System]

EXUBERA

AERx iDMS

Completed initial Phase

III clinical trials
[Additional long term
studies in progress]
Marketing Application
in Europe

Phase III

Insulin formulation
Dry powder form
Device

Insulin formulation Liquid

form

Purely mechanical;
No battery or chip

Device
Battery powered;
Electronic system
microprocessor
Breath guidance system

Patent Portfolio analysis provides Competitive

Intelligence
In this case;
Stability
Dose adjustment
Clogging/Dispersion of Agglomerates
Accuracy of Dosage
Combinations of Insulins
Cost
These can be used as strategies ---during commercialization of the products

TECHNOLOGY MOVEMENT
ASSESSMENT
CASE III
PLANT BASED BIOENHANCERS
(PIPERINE)

Enhancement of bioavailability
of a drug can be achieved by
Changing the physical & chemical
characteristics of the drugs
External incorporation of a
Bioenhancer

BIOENHANCER is an agent that

enhances bioavailability

Externally added BIOENHANCER

Chemical (or synthetic)
Bioenhancer
Plant based Bioenhancer

Plant-based Bioenhancer Patents

scanned and analysed
Plant-based bioenhancers

Piperine-based
Bioenhancers

Bioenhancers
based
on Essential oil

Plant-based
anti-first pass
effect
compounds
(citrus-based)

Patent Activity based on the type of

Plant-based bioenhancer used

43%

47%

10%
Piperine based bioenhancers
Bioenhancers based on essential oils
Plant-based anti first pass effect compounds

Technology movement in the area of

Piperine-based bioenhancers
was studied to understand
How the technology progressed
Which players picked up the
technologies
How the scope of the technology
widened

A] Yearwise Patent Activity of

Piperine-based Bioenhancers

Y2004

Years

Y2002
Y2000
Y1998
Y1996
Y1993
0

3
Number of Patents

Organisations
Kadeira Lab
Ltd

Tang Xiaohai
(CN)

Cadila
Laboratories
Limited

Panacea
Biotec Ltd

Sabinsa
Corporation

CSIR

Number of Patents

B]Organisation wise Patent Activity

of Piperine-based Bioenhancers
16

14

12

10

C]Patent Mapping

Patent mapping highlights

How the technology of using Bioenhancers
conceptualised by RRL-Jammu for
increasing the bioavailability and reducing
dose of Anti-TB/Leprosy drugs, was taken
up by Sabinsa, Cadila & Panaceae Biotech .
How technology moved from its
application to Anti-TB/Leprosy drugs in
1993 to its application to NSAIDS,
Nutritional compounds and others wider
range of drugs than claimed by RRLJammu.

NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

STUDY
CASE IV
NEW GENERATION GLUCOSE METERS

GLUCOSE MONITORING
COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES CAUSED
PRIMARILY BY ELEVATED BLOOD GLUCOSE
LEVELS
ADEQUATE MONITORING AND CONTROL
OF BLOOD GLUCOSE IS ESSENTIAL
GLUCOSE MONITORING IS A FACT OF
EVERYDAY LIFE FOR DIABETIC INDIVIUALS

So in this case of Glucose meters, we

Divided Product into technology
categories
Analyzed Patents in each category
Summarized Technological Progress

Patent data in this area can be classified

into the following technological
categories
Patents focusing on novel glucose
analysis methods
Patents emphasizing upon innovative
sampling techniques
Patents focusing upon completely noninvasive means of glucose
measurements.

TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AS OBSERVED IN THE

CATEGORY OF GLUCOSE ANALYSIS
Earliest patent- Glucose indicator formulations -MILES(1980)
Test strips based on above formulations convenient as
compared to the above- MILES (1981)
Reflectance apparatus for glucose measurement MILES
(1986)
Patient-operated glucose
photometer-HEALTHWARE
Multi-layered
(1994)

Diagnostic

monitor based on reflectance

CORPORATION (1988)
test

strip-HOME

Visual blood glucose concentration

separation matrix LIFESCAN (1994)

test

DIAGNOSTICS

strip

with

 Device using non-radiative fluorescence resonance

energy transfer SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC (1994)
Novel medication infusion device like a pump with a
sensor or meter for reading blood glucose MINIMED INC
(1997)
Device with a disposable electrochemical sensors.
BAYER (1996) ,DISETRONIC LICENSING AG (1997)and
THERASENSE (2000)
Embossed test strip system AMIRA MEDICAL (2000)

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE INVASIVE

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE
GLUCOSE
Compact disposable blood sampling unit comprising a
lancet MEDSCAN (1987), LIFESCAN (1990),HP(1999) and
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC (2000)
Disruption of the outermost layer of skin using an
oscillation concentrator ABBOTT LABORATORIES (1999)
Body fluid sampling device, using an elastically
deformable force-transmitting element to cause a skin
incision-AMIRA MEDICAL (2000)
Usage of microporation or electroporation strategy for
withdrawing samples for analysis of blood glucose or
the usage of tightly focussed beam of sonic energy or
hydraulic pressure for puncturing the stratum corneum.
SPECTRX (2000)

TECHNOLOGICAL MOVEMENT AND

DEVELOPMENT OF NEWER GENERATION
GLUCOSE METERS
Highly innovative near infrared quantitative analysis
instrument. FUTREX (1991) CME TELEMETRIX INC
(1994)
Usage of permeation enhancer THERATECH INC (1992)
Innovative non-invasive blood glucose measurement
technique using photoacoustics TRW (1999)
Electromagnetic radiation/ excitation laser beam
application of Raman spectra LIGHTTOUCH MEDICAL
INC(2000 ) CIT
AND CHILDRENS HOSPITAL LOS
ANGELES (2001)

LIFESCAN

ABOTT

Technology Scan
Provides competitive edge while designing the
product itself
In this case products likely to dominate market
would be the ones that are user friendly,
absolutely non-invasive, based on optical
measurement strategies like IR & that which
could provide blood levels continuously for tight
control of Diabetes mellitus

FREEDOM TO OPERATE STUDY

CASE V
Bt COTTON

PEST RESISTANT Bt COTTON

Cotton-transformed with Cry gene
Patent Analysis done each step of the
transformation process analysed
Possibility of infringement analysed
Freedom to Operate studied

 Patents searched for the processes for production

of transgenic plants that express novel
synthetically-modified Bt chimeric crystal proteins.
These transgenic plants have improved insecticidal
activity
In all patents analysed so far, the basic
transformation process is similar.
Vector comprising a promoter, the nucleic acid
segment and a transcription termination sequence
is used for transformation eg plasmid
The novelty in the patents is basically on the gene
sequence that codes for the delta endotoxin.
The patents give the complete transformation
process, from synthesizing the gene to production
of transgenic plant.

 All the varied steps of the

transformation process followed by
NBRI were compared with that of the
existing insect-resistant patents
(majority from Monsanto)
Intention Confirm the non-infringing
nature of the research product
Thus guarantying freedom to
operate in a closely held technology
space

RESEARCH PLANNING
CASE STUDY VI
PRODUCTION OF VALUE-ADDED
PLANTS BY PATHWAY ENGINEERING
OF
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA
(Ashwagandha)

 Withania is am important medicinal plant and is well

known for its medicinal properties

Withanolides (steroidal lactones) is the major group of

secondary metabolites of medicinal interest from
Withania somnifera

Withania produces withanolides through its metabolic

pathway
However,
no
patent
that
describes
the
genetic
engineering of the pathway taking place in the Withania
plant.
But there are patents on cloning of genes which code for similar
intermediates and enzymes in other plants like tobacco, tomato,
corn,,
cotton,
arabidopsis,
and
petunia.

Patents were analysed and grouped into ones for,

Mevalonate pathway

Isopentyl diphosphate

Farnesyl diphosphate and Farnesyl synthase

Squalene synthase and squalene epoxidase

Sterol compounds and enzymes

Isoprenoid synthase

Prenyl diphosphate

Others

PATENTING ACTIVITY
ACROSS GROUPS

No. of patents

Patenting Activity
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
A

Group

Legend:
A.
Mevalonate pathway
B.
Isopentyl
diphosphate
C.
Farnesyl diphosphate
and
Farnesyl synthase
D.
Squalene synthase
and
squalene epoxidase
E.
Sterol compounds
and
enzymes
F.
Isoprenoid synthase
G.
Prenyl diphosphate
H.
Others

 E.I.Du Pont de Nemours and Co. has the

maximum number of patents.
Methods to increase the sterol
accumulation in plants are maximum.
Considerable work on squalene synthase
gene.
No patents on : 4-Coumaryl Coa,
Flavanone-3-hydroxylase, Flavonoid-3hydroxylase,
3-Hydroxy dihydroflavonol, Flavan-3-ols
There is a scope for generating Intellectual
property in this field
Analysis can be used for research planning

RESEARCH PLANNING
CASE STUDY VII
RARE EARTH COLOURANTS

 Inorganic color pigments containing

cadmium, chromium or lead has been
used as a colorant all over world.
But many of these pigments are
hazardous for environment as well as for
health.
So color pigments containing rare earth
elements are searched as a alternative to
such hazardous inorganic pigments.

RED
Traditional Toxic
Pigments
C.I. Red 103
(Basic Lead Chromate xPbCrO 4yPbO)
C.I. Red 104
(Lead Chromate-Lead molybdate
crystals
+ some sulfate)
C.I. Red 105
(Pb3O4)
C.I. Red 106
(HgS)
C.I. Red 108
(CdS-xCdSe)
C.I. Red 108:1
(CdS X CdSe X BaSO 4)
C.I. Red 113
(CdS HgS x BaSO 4)
C.I. Red 121
(Chromium Stannate)

Eco-friendly Rare
earth
pigments

Rare Earth Sulfides

Bismuth Containing compounds
of Rare Earth Elements.
Depending Upon which Rare earth
element is used it gives yellow,
orange, red-toned, green colors.
Oxonitrides of the formula
LnTaON2 where Ln represents
Rare Earth Elements
Yttrium and/or Rare earths
aluminates 5) Stable heavy metal
free zircon pigments

ORANGE
Traditional Toxic
Pigments
C.I. Orange 21 (Treating lead
salts with sodium chromate
or
nitrate)
C.I. Orange 21:1 (Basic Lead
ChromatexPbCrO4.yPbO or
xPbCrO4.yPb(OH)2)
C.I. Orange 23/23:1
CdS.xHgS.xBaSO4

Eco-friendly Rare
earth
pigments
1) Stable heavy metal free zircon
pigments . It gives a variety of
yellows, reds, oranges, corals
and blues.
2) Bismuth Containing
compounds of Rare Earth
Elements. Depending Upon
which Rare earth element is
used it gives yellow, orange,
red-toned, green colors.
3) Zirconium oxide and cerium,
praseodymium and/or terbium
values. Yellow-Orange Color.
4) Oxonitrides of the formula
LnTaON2 where Ln represents
Rare Earth Elements. YellowOrange to Reddish-Brown
Colors

YELLOW
Traditional Toxic
Pigments
C.I. Yellow 30 (PbCl2.5-7PbO)
C.I. Yellow 31 (BaCrO4); C.I. Yellow 31:1
(BaK2 (CrO4)2)
C.I. Yellow 32 (SrCrO4)
C.I. Yellow 33 (CaCrO4.2H2O)
C.I. Yellow 34 (PbCrO4)
C.I. Yellow 34:1(PbCrO4.xPbSO4)
C.I. Yellow 35
(CdS., xZnS, xBaSO4)
C.I. Yellow 36:1
(ZincTetrahydroxychromate)
C.I. Yellow 37
(CdS)
C.I. Yellow 37:1 (CdSxBaSO 4)
C.I. Yellow 41 (Pb3(SbO4)2 or Pb(SbO3)2)
C.I. Yellow 44
(Cd2(OH)2CrO4)
C.I. Yellow 47(PbTiO3)C.I. Yellow 48
(Pb(CN)2)

Eco-friendly Rare earth

pigments
1)

2)

3)
4)

5)
6)
7)

Stable heavy metal free zircon

pigments. It gives a variety of
yellows, reds, oranges, corals and
blues.
Bismuth Containing compounds of
Rare Earth Elements. Depending
Upon which Rare earth element is
used it gives yellow, orange, redtoned, green colors.
Zirconium oxide and cerium,
praseodymium and/or terbium
values Yellow-Orange Color.
Oxonitrides of the formula
LnTaON2 where Ln represents Rare
Earth Elements. Yellow-Orange to
Reddish-Brown Colors
Composition based on samarium
sesquisulphide Strong Yellow Color
Rare Earth Doped zirconium mixed
silicate pigment
Yttrium and/or Rare earths
aluminates. Red to Yellow Color

GREEN
Traditional Toxic
Pigments
C.I.Green14
CdS
C.I. Green 17
Chromic Oxide or Chromium
Sesquioxide
C.I. Green 18
Hydrated Chromium
Sesquioxide Cr2O(OH)4
C.I. Green 48
Lead Chromate + Lead
Sulfochromate

Eco-friendly Rare earth

pigments
1) Sulfide and oxysulphide ()
Depending on the layer thickness of
the sulfide or oxysulfide
interference colors from silver via
gold, red, violet and blue through
to green.
2) Solid solutions having a corundumhematite crystalline structure
doped with lanthanum or
neodymium camouflage pigment
3) Praseodymium containing ceramic
pigments. Greenish-yellow color
tone
4) Alkali earth aluminate silicate
photoluminescent pigment emits
light in the 450-580 nm region
5) Green emitting phosphor having
composition ZnS:CuAuAlM where M
is Ce/ Tb/ Eu/ Sc/ La

BLUE
Traditional Toxic
Pigments
C.I. Blue 36
Chromic Oxide-aluminacobaltous
oxide
C.I. Blue 36:1
Chromic Oxide-aluminacobaltous
oxide

Eco-friendly Rare
earth pigments
1) Alkali earth aluminate silicate
photoluminescent pigment.
Emits light in the 450-580 nm
region
2) Sulfide and oxysulphide
3) Stable heavy metal free zircon
pigments
4) Blue-violet phosphor alkaline
chloride with a europium (Eu)
or
cerium (Ce) rare earth dopant
5) Long-persistence blue
phosphors
MOmAl2O3:Eu2+
6) Purple ceramic decoration

URDIP

CONCLUSION

URDIP

SEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF PATENTS DRIVES

RESEARCH STRATEGY AND SUPPORTS
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
IN ADDITION TO MARKET RSEARCH, PATENT
RESEARCH IS A MUST FOR NEW PRODUCT
PLANNING AND R & D INVESTMENT
EVALUATION
INTEGRATING ACTIVITIES FOR PATENT SEARCH
AND ANALYSIS IN TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY
FORMULATION LEADS TO HIGHER
PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS IN NEW
TECHNOLOGY VENTURES

URDIP

Thank you
hirwani@urdip.res.in
hirwani@yahoo.com

Patent Count v/s Years (2006-2010)

URDIP

Top 10 IPC v/s Patent Numbers (2006-2010)

URDIP

IPC :G06Q

URDIP

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR

METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL,
FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY
OR FORECASTING PURPOSES;SYSTEMS
OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL,
FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY
OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT
OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR.

IPC: G06F
ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA
PROCESSING (computers in which a part
of the computation is effected hydraulically
or pneumatically , optically ; computer
systems based on specific computational
models ; impedance networks using digital
techniques)

URDIP

Top 10 Assignees Working in the Area of G06Q

(2006-2010)
URDIP

Top 10 Assignees Working in the Area of G06F

(2006-2010)
URDIP

Top 10 Assignee
Indian Patents (2009)
Sl.No.
Name of the company
1 CSIR
2 QUALCOMM INCORPORATED
3 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V
4 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED
5 BASF AKTIENGESELLSC HAFT
6 SAMSUNG ELECTRONIC CO. LTD.
7 TELEFONAK TIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON
8 NOVARTIS AG
9 IBM
10 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

URDIP

No. of. Patents Granted

572
308
216
160
127
115
85
83
81
80