LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
Curs 2

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Flat Architecture of LTE and SAE ( System Architecture

Evolution )

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Flat Architecture of LTE and UMTS

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

LTE Network Architecture

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

LTE Network Architecture

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
Dynamic resource scheduler resides in eNB on MAC
layer.
Radio resource assignment based on radio condition,
traffic volume, and QoS requirements.
Radio resource assignment consists of:
Physical Resource Block (PRB)
Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)

Ressourec Scheduling of Shared Channels

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
Radio bearer control (RBC)
Radio admission control (RAC)
Connection mobility control (CMC)
Dynamic resource allocation (DRA) or packet
scheduling (PS)
Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC)
Load balancing (LB)

Radio Resource Management

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
DL physical channels
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)

DL physical signals
Reference signal (RS)
Synchronization signal

Available modulation for data channel

QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM
Downlink Overview

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Downlink Physical Channel Processing

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
Cell-specific 2D RS sequence is generated as the symbol-by
symbol product of a 2D orthogonal sequence (OS) and a 2D
pseudo-random sequence (PRS).
3 different 2D OS and ~170 different PRS.
Each cell (sector) ID corresponds to a unique combination of
one OS and one PRS ~510 unique cell IDs.

CDM of RS for cells (sectors)of the same eNodeB (BS)

Use complex orthogonal spreading codes.

FDM of RS for each antenna in case of MIMO

Downlink Reference Signal

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Downlink Reference Signal

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Downlink Reference Signal

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Example of a European operator with good spectrum

resources

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Supported up to 4x4 configuration.

Support for both spatial multiplexing (SM) and Tx diversity (TxD)
SM

Unitary precoding based scheme with codebook based feedback

from user.
Multiple codewords
TxD: SFBC/STBC, switched TxD, CDD (Cyclic Delay Diversity)
considered.

MU-MIMO supported.
Downlink MIMO

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
UL physical channels
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

UL physical signals
Reference signal (RS)

Available modulation for data channel

QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM

Single user MIMO not supported in current release.

But it will be addressed in the future release.
Multi-user collaborative MIMO supported.
Uplink Overview

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Uplink Resource Block

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Uplink Physical Channel Processing

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Uplink Reference Signal

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU

Random Access

LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband

by Ren ANDREESCU
Synchronization procedures
Radio link monitoring
Inter-Cell synchronization for MBMS
Transmission timing adjustments

Power control for DL and UL

UE procedure for CQI (Channel Quality Indication) reporting
UE procedure for MIMO feedback reporting
UE sounding procedure

LTE Standard Procedures

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

For the coverage prediction, it is important to

base it on accurate link budgets, which are
influenced by both, environment and system
specific parameters.
The environment specific parameters are based
on a threedimensionalray-tracing tool, which
takes the topology data.
It takes account of antenna patterns, pathloss
and shadowing.
Coverage Requirements

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

For indoor penetration loss, 20 dB is

assumed and is applied to buildings
according to the topography.
The average peak rate is calculated for
the downlink direction.

Coverage Requirements

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Current 3G Macro Sites

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU
For coverage the specific parameters can be described
by SINR to-data rate mappings
For the UL coverage link budgets we assume an SNR of
3dB on both the UE and base station access links to be
achieved for users with an assignment of 6
simultaneously used LTE resource blocks.
This equals to a bandwidth of 1.08 MHz per user if a 10
MHz FDD system with 50 available resource blocks is
considered
LTE Link Budget

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU
These assumptions translate into an UL target user data
rate of about 400 kbps.
User data rates are calculated by assuming a total
overhead of 30% for both, up- and downlink.
The uplink part has some differences with UMTS:
smaller interference margin in LTE, no macro diversity
gain in LTE and no fast fading margin in LTE

LTE Link Budget

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

The link budgets show that LTE can be deployed

using existing GSM and HSPA sites assuming
that the same frequency is used for LTE as for
GSM and HSPA.
LTE itself does not provide any major boost in
the coverage

LTE Link Budget

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Uplink link budget parameters for LTE

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Uplink link budget parameters for LTE

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Uplink link budget parameters for LTE

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Downlink link budgets

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU
The minimum set of required feedback information from the UE to
support downlink adaptive spatial multiplexing MIMO transmission
comprises:
channel state/quality information (CQI): direct (e.g. SINR) or indirect
(e.g. MCS) information on the average channel conditions estimated on
the physical resources and MIMO codewords;
MIMO rank information: indicates the optimum number of spatial
layers (streams) to be used and the corresponding pre-coding
vector/matrix index (PMI);
HARQ information: indicates the reception status (ACKnowledged/Not
ACKnowledged) of the transmitted data packets on the scheduled
MIMO spatial layers.

Adaptive spatial multiplexing MIMO Requirements

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

The first two items above, CQI and PMI, are

estimated by the mobile station based on the
downlink pilot measurements and are transmitted
back to the base station in a quantized form.
The HARQ mechanism has an impact on the freedom
of the radio resource management blocks, when link
adaptation and optimized packet scheduling has to
be performed for single/dual codeword MIMO
transmission.
Adaptive spatial multiplexing MIMO Requirements

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

The mobile station feedback information is heavily dependent

on the channel/signal estimation performance, which has an
upper bound due to the practical system design limitations
(reference signals, measurement/estimation time, propagation
delays, etc.).
Furthermore, all thise feedback information requires uplink
control channel capacity; thus it is desirable to minimize the
actual number of information bits used to encode them and
converge to a practical tradeoff between the achievable MIMO
performance and the required uplink capacity.

Adaptive spatial multiplexing MIMO Requirements

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

One of the methods for increasing the performance by using

more antennas at the base station is to use higher order
sectorization. The use of higher order sectorization is
especially considered to be an option for macro cell
installations, where antennas are mounted above rooftops.
Typically, three-sector sites are assumed in most of the LTE
macro cell performance evaluations, by using three separate
panel antennas per site, each with a 3 dB beamwidth of 65 or 70
degrees.

Higher Order Sectorization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

A first step could therefore be to increase the

sectorization to four sectors per site by simply using
six panel antennas with a narrower beamwidth of, for
example, 90 degrees.
This provides a simple method for increasing the
capacity of the network at the sites with high offered
traffic.

Higher Order Sectorization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Four Sectors Plan

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU
Performance results for these four cases are presented in next
figure, where the average throughput per site is reported.
These results were obtained with a simple full buffer traffic
model, assuming two antennas at the terminals, and standard
proportional fair time-frequencypacket scheduling.
A signifi cant performance gain is achieved by increasing the
sectorization
from three sectors to four sectors: the site capacity is
increased by 88%.
Four Sectors Plan

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

The Spectral efficiency for 20 MHz is

1.74 bps/Hz/cell 20 MHz = 35 Mbps,
while for 1.4 MHz
the cell throughput is
1.74 bps/Hz/cell 60% x 1.4 MHz = 1.5 Mbps.

Relative spectral efficiency compared to 10 MHz bandwidth in

macro cells

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU
The conclusion is that LTE should be deployed
using as large a bandwidth as possible.
The main motivation is to maximize the LTE data
rates, but the second motivation is to optimize the
spectral effi ciency as well.
The narrowband options are still useful for
refarming purposes if it is not possible to allocate
larger bandwidths initially.
Relative spectral efficiency compared to 10 MHz bandwidth in
macro cells

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

LTE dimensioning exemple at 20 MHz bandwidth in macro

cells

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Traffic growth scenarios with 10 times and 50 times more

traffic

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

by Ren ANDREESCU

Example of a European operator with good spectrum

resources