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Basics
Julian Dyke
Independent Consultant
Web Version - February 2008
1
Agenda
Data Guard
The Theory
The Reality
Data Guard
The Theory
Data Guard
Reasons for Deployment
Site Failures
Power failure
Air conditioning failure
Flooding
Fire
Storm damage
Hurricane
Earthquake
Terrorism
Sabotage
Plane crash
Planned Maintenance
HUMAN ERROR
Data Guard
Standby Database
Primary Database
Standby Database
Primary
Standby
Instance
Database
Site 1
Redo
Instance
Database
Site 2
Data Guard
Physical Standby
Physical Standby
Technology introduced in Oracle 7.2
Marketed as Data Guard in Oracle 8.1.7 and above
Standby is identical copy of primary database
Redo changes
transported from primary to standby
applied on standby (Redo Apply)
Can switch operations to standby
Planned (switchover / switchback)
Unplanned (failover)
Failover time dependent on various factors
Rate of redo generation / size of redo logs
Redo transport / apply configuration
Data Guard
Logical Standby
Data Guard
Protection Modes
Data Guard
Redo Log Shipping
Data Guard
ARCH Redo Transmission
Primary Database
RFS
T_
2
LGWR
AR
CH
IV E
_D
ES
Primary
Database
Standby Database
ARC0
LO
G_
Online
Redo
Log
ARC1
Standby
Redo
Log
ARCn
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
Archived
Redo
Logs
Archived
Redo
Logs
MRP
LSP
Standby
Database
Data Guard
LGWR (ASYNC) Redo Transmission
Primary Database
Primary
Database
LGWR
Online
Redo
Log
Standby Database
RFS
LNSn
ARCn
Standby
Redo
Log
ARCn
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
Archived
Redo
Logs
Archived
Redo
Logs
MRP
LSP
Standby
Database
Data Guard
LGWR (SYNC) Redo Transmission
Primary Database
Primary
Database
LGWR
LNSn
Standby Database
RFS
Online
Redo
Log
Standby
Redo
Log
ARCn
ARCn
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
Archived
Redo
Logs
Archived
Redo
Logs
MRP
LSP
Standby
Database
Data Guard
Role Transitions
Data Guard
Switchover
Before Switchover
Site1
Site2
Site1
Site2
Primary
Physical
Standby
Physical
Standby
Primary
Instance
Instance
Instance
After Switchover
Redo
Redo
Instance
Database
Database
Database
Database
Primary
Database
Standby
Database
Standby
Database
Primary
Database
Data Guard
Failover
Before Failover
Site1
Site2
Site1
Site2
Primary
Physical
Standby
Primary
Physical
Primary
Standby
Instance
Instance
Instance
After Failover
Redo
Redo
Instance
Database
Database
Database
Database
Primary
Database
Standby
Database
Unavailable
Standby
Primary
Database
Data Guard
Read-Only Mode
Data Guard
Delayed Redo Application
Data Guard
Data Guard Broker
Data Guard
Fast Start Failover
Primary
Observer
Node 1
Standby
Node 2
Site3
Database
Database
Site1
Site2
Data Guard
Fast Start Failover
Data Guard
Fast Start Failover
Advantages
No interconnect network required between sites
No storage network required between sites
RAC licences not required if each site is a single-instance
Disadvantages
Active / Passive
Requires Enterprise Edition licence
Remaining infrastructure must also failover
Network
Application tier
Clients
Data Guard
Oracle 11g New Features
Snapshot Standby
Standby can be converted to snapshot standby
Can be opened in read-write mode (for testing)
Redo transport continues
Redo apply delayed
Standby can subsequently be converted back to physical
standby
Data Guard
Licensing
Standard Edition
Cannot use Data Guard
Use user-defined scripts to transport redo
Use Automatic Recovery to apply redo
Manually resolve archive log gaps
Enterprise Edition
Use Managed Recovery to apply redo
Use Fetch Archive Logging to resolve archive log gaps
Additional licenses required for Active Data Guard
Data Guard
Alternatives
Standard Edition
Manual log shipping using scripts
Data Guard
The Reality
Data Guard
The Reality
Data Guard
The Reality
Failover times
Normally dependent on management decisions
Usually some investigation before failover
Time to failover database is minimal (5-10 minutes)
Time to failover infrastructure can be hours
Network configuration
DNS
Application / web servers
Clients
Failover SLAs often up to 48 hours
Rebuild times
Can take minutes using flashback logging
Can take much longer depending on reason for failover
References
http://www.juliandyke.com/References/References.html
Questions
info@juliandyke.com