SAP Security - Day 1

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Copyright IBM Corporation 2004
IBM Global Services
Objectives
What is security ?
Security threats & measures to combat threats
Types of security
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A who's who
Security , Secured System, Threats,
Safeguards
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What is Security ?
Dictionary meaning
Freedom from risk or danger; safety.
In Other Words
The process of ensuring confidentiality,
integrity, and availability of computers,
their programs, hardware devices, and
data.
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A secure System and Threat
A secure System
It is a system which does exactly
what we want it to do and nothing
that we don't want it to do even
when someone else tries to make it
behave differently.
Threat
It is an act or event that has the
potential to cause a failure of
security .
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Why I am here and how do I achieve it ?
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A security Consultant should know

What To Secure
What
What
Why to Secure i.e.. Importance of the
Data/Article etc.
Why
Why
Who could attack the system /

challenge the security of the
system
From
FromWhom
Whom
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Security Achieved By
Keeping Unauthorized Person out of the System
Keeping People out of Places Where They Should Not Be
Safeguarding the Data from Damage or Loss
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So, Do I understand ? .. I need to implement some

safeguards to avoid threats and thats how I achieve
my security goals ?
. Lets see the big picture
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The BIG Picture ..

Access
Control
Threats
Threats
Firewall
Encryption
Confidentiality
SafeGuards
Guards
Safe
Integrity
Goals
Goals
Availability
1.1.
2.2.
3.3.
4.4.
5.5.
6.6.
Tampering
Tampering
Planting
Planting
Eves-Dropping
Dropping
EvesPenetration
Penetration
AuthorizationViolation
Violation
Authorization
O/sCracking
Cracking
O/s
Digital
Certificate
Obligation
Anti-Virus
Security
O/S
Monitor
Hardening
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Security - Under The Microscope .
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Types Of Security
Organizational Policies
Monitoring
Training
Disaster Plan
Organizational
Server Facilities
Building
Fire Alarm
Camera
Physical
Program Level
O/S Level
Technical
Database
N/W security
Patches , O/S Hardening

(Authentication, O/S Hardening, Virus
Guard, Spam Blocker)
(Authentication, Access Control)
(Authentication , Firewall , Encryption,
Security Monitor)
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A known story with an extension

Lets recollect the Rabbit Tortoise story again.
Once the Tortoise won the run the Rabbit wants to
congratulate the tortoise and so the rabbit wants to
gift a piece of memento to the tortoise. The Rabbit
needs to carry the memento to the Tortoises home.
Our point of focus would be..
1.
Is the rabbit secured at its own home?
2.
Is the tortoise secured at its own home?
3.
Is the memento secured ?
4.
The road through which the rabbit needs to go,
is that secured ?
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If we co-relate the rabbit and the tortoise to our computer world
Remember
Any computer is not secured

Security can be void if
The applications are not secured ( consider the

hands by which the rabbit carries the gift to
tortoise)
The O/S is not secured (the house of the rabbit or

the tortoise)
The database and data is not secured ( The

container from where the rabbit takes the piece of
gift)
The network path is not secured ( the path through

which the rabbit needs to run)
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Lets understand these challenges in our

known terms and their safeguards
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Lets introduce Program Security
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Computer programs are the first line of defense in computer security,

since programs provide logical controls. Programs, however, are
subject to error, which can affect computer security.
Exact
Exact
Correct
Correct
Finally, a program is exact if

it performs only those operations
specified by requirements.
A computer program is correct if

it meets the requirements for which it
was designed.
Complete
Complete
A program is complete if
it meets all requirements.
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Application Security Threat Flow

Identify
IdentifySecurity
SecurityObjectives
Objectives
Application
ApplicationOverview
Overview
Identify
IdentifyVulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities
Decompose
DecomposeApplication
Application
Identify
IdentifyThreats
Threats
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Application Security
Virus,
Spy ware
Injection
Attacks
Cross
Site
Scripting
Web
Defacement
Authentication
Error
Architecture
T
e
s
t
Application
Application
Security
Security
D
e
s
i
g
n
Deny Of
Service
Implementation
Trojan
Path
Traversal
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My Program is Secured .. But is my O/S secured ?
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How as operating system is build?
Operating systems, structured specifically, for security are

built in a kernelized manner.
A kernelized operating system is designed in layers.

The innermost layer provides direct access to the
hardware facilities of the computing system and
exports very primitive abstract objects to the next
layer. Lets visualize that ..
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Security of operating systems
To avoid threats we
apply different Patches
and Harden our O/S.
O/S Patch
O/s
Hardening
OS Kernel
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The container story . Database damage

threats
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Database Threats
Data
Overwrite
Data
Loss
Scrambled
Data
User
Conflict
Database
Improper
Change/Alteration
of Data
Unauthorized
Changes
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Why to Protect a Data Base Intelligent Threats
Name
Age
Data
DataBase
Base
No Of Cust.
Unit Price
inference
Aggregation
Customer Data
Total Market Share
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Database Vulnerabilities
Basically database security can be broken down into the following key
points of interest.
Server Security
Server security is the process of limiting actual
access to the database server itself, The basic idea is
this, "You can't access what you can't see".
Database Connections
Ensure that every connection uses it's own unique user
to access the shared data
Table Access Control

Properly using Table access control will require the
collaboration of both system administrator and
database
developer
Restricting Database Access

Mainly into the network access of the system. Specifically
targeting Internet based databases,
since they have been
the most recent targets of attacks.
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Database Web-Security
For Web security, you must address three primary areas:
Session security -- ensuring that data is not
intercepted as it is broadcast over the
Internet or
Intranet
User-authentication security -- ensuring login
security that prevents unauthorized access to
information
Server security -- ensuring security relating to the
actual data or private HTML files stored on the
server
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Knock .. Knock can you save my data?
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Some Database Security Measures

Database Connections
Public and Private Key Security
Server Security
Table Access Control
Digital Signatures as Passwords
Database
Database
Dynamic Page Generation
Session Security
User-Authentication Security
Vendor-Specific Security
Kerberos
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and S-HTTP
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Huh !!
The rabbit is on the way .. but is it secured enough ?
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Network Security
Protection of networks and their services from unauthorized modification,
destruction, or disclosure, and provision of assurance that the network
performs its critical functions correctly and there are no harmful sideeffects. Network security includes data integrity .
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Lets identify the rabbits dangers on the road ..
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The Rabbits gift could have been stolen ,

destroyed by any other animal / stranger on the
road
To safeguard
1 . The rabbit could hide
2. The rabbit could run faster
3 . The rabbit could fool them etc
Lets see in our network world .
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Common security attacks and their countermeasures

Finding a way into the network
Firewalls
Exploiting software bugs, buffer
overflows
Intrusion Detection Systems
Denial of Service
Ingress filtering, IDS
TCP hijacking
IPSec
Packet sniffing
Encryption (SSH, SSL,
HTTPS)
Social problems
Education
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Attacks on Different Layers
IP Attacks
ICMP Attacks
Routing Attacks
Session Hijacking
Application Layer Attacks
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Visualize imagine you realize
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Web and Network Security Threats

Web Security Threats
Network Security Threats
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Is there anyone who can save me?
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Network Security Safeguards
Firewall
Firewall
Certificate
Certificate
Port
PortScan
Scan
Proxy
Proxy
Digital
DigitalCert
Cert
Spam
SpamBlocker
Blocker
Encryption
Encryption
Antivirus
Antivirus
Access
AccessControl
Control
Router
Router
IDS
IDS
Monitoring
Monitoring
Corporate Network
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SAP world and security
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Different Layer of Security With SAP Application
NETWORK
SECURITY
WORKSTATION
SECURITY
SAP
APPLICATION
SECURITY
O/S SECURITY
DATABASE
SECURITY
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Security in an integrated system like SAP tries to achieve the

following.
Authentication - Only legitimate users should be able to access the system

Authorization - Users should only be able to perform their designated
tasks
Integrity
- Data integrity needs to be granted at all time
Privacy
- Protection of data against unauthorised access
Obligation
- Ensuring liability and legal obligation towards

stakeholders and shareholders including validation
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SAP Product Overview
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Objectives
Introduction to SAP
Netweaver What is ?
Netweaver Stack Introduction
Netweaver breakdown
SOA
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SAP Product Introduction - History

The 1970s: A Real-Time Vision
In 1972, five former IBM employees -- Dietmar Hopp, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso
Plattner, Klaus Tschira, and Claus Wellenreuther -- launch a company called Systems,
Applications, and Products
Their vision: to develop standard application software for real-time business processing.
One year later, the first financial accounting software "R/1 system is complete."
"R" stands for real-time data processing.
By the end of the decade, intensive examination of SAP's IBM database and dialog
control system leads to the birth of SAP R/2.
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continued
The 1980s: Rapid Growth
The SAP R/2 system attains the high level of stability
Keeping in mind its multinational customers, SAP designs SAP R/2 to handle different
languages and currencies.
With the founding of subsidiaries in Denmark, Sweden, Italy, and the United States,
SAP's international expansion takes a leap forward.
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continued
The 1990s: A New Approach to Software and Solutions
SAP R/3 is unleashed on the market.
The client-server concept, uniform appearance of graphical interfaces, consistent use of
relational databases, and the ability to run on computers from different vendors meets
with overwhelming approval.
With SAP R/3, SAP ushers in a new generation of enterprise software -- from mainframe
computing to the three-tier architecture of database, application, and user interface.
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continued
The 2000s: Innovation for the New Millennium
With the Internet, the user becomes the focus of software applications. SAP develops
mySAP Workplace and paves the way for the idea of an enterprise portal and rolespecific access to information.
By 2005,
12 million users work each day with SAP solutions
100,600 installations worldwide
more than 1,500 partners
over 25 industry-specific business solutions
more than 33,200 customers in 120 countries
SAP Netweaver developed based on Services-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Companies can integrate people, information, and processes within the company and
beyond.
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What is SOA ?
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SOA
Software architecture that defines the use of loosely coupled software services to
support the requirements of business processes and software users
Resources on a network in an SOA environment are made available as independent
services that can be accessed without knowledge of their underlying platform
implementation
SOA-based systems can therefore be independent of development technologies and
platforms (such as Java, .NET etc)
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Now let us take a look at some technical & operational challenges facing a
distributed system
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SAP NetWeaver
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How to address the integration challenge ?
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SAP NetWeaver
SAP NetWeaver integrates various different technological concepts and previous
platforms in a single solution
It is an open technology platform which offers a comprehensive set of technologies that
are natively integrated
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NetWeaver People Integration
Multi-Channel Access
Portal
Collaboration
People Integration brings together the right functionality and the right
information to the right people
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NetWeaver People Integration Portal Sample View
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NetWeaver People Integration -- Portal
Portal
Collaboration
The portal is the Web front-end component for SAP NetWeaver

It is a personalized, interactive gateway, providing employees, partners, suppliers and customers with a
single point of access.
The key capabilities of the portal within SAP NetWeaver are as follows:
Heterogeneous information integration

Administrator & EUS
User management & Security support
Personalization
Ready-to-deploy business packages
Delegated administration
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NetWeaver People Integration Multi-Channel Access
Portal
Collaboration
With multi-channel access, you can connect to enterprise systems through voice, mobile,
or radio-frequency technology
Multi-channel access is delivered through Mobile Infrastructure
The key elements of SAP NetWeavers multi-channel access capabilities are
SAP NetWeaver Mobile,
SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure
SAP NetWeaver Voice, Message Interfaces (SMS, Fax, Email) and
Web-based GUI
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NetWeaver People Integration Multi-Channel Access

NetWeaver Mobile comprises of various technical architectures used for enabling end-toend mobile business solutions targeting specific user roles and device platforms
SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure connects RFID data directly from auto-ID data-capture
sources, such as RFID readers, and integrates high-volume data directly into enterprise
applications in real-time
SAP NetWeaver provides standardized interfaces to link 3rd party communication
management applications with business applications. It enables the integration of fax, sms
or email
Web-based GUI enables end-users to gain access to their enterprise business via a
Browser or Java User Interface
SAP NetWeaver Voice makes business processes accessible by any telephone, any time.
Users can interact with SAP backend systems using speech recognition or touch tones. It
is currently not part of a standard SAP NetWeaver shipment.
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NetWeaver People Integration Collaboration
Portal
Collaboration
The collaboration capabilities delivered with SAP NetWeaver, are designed to enable
individuals, teams, and interest groups to work together closely towards a common goal.
The comprehensive set of collaboration tools and services allows users to share
relevant information, communicate online in real-time, plan with the help of a unified
calendar, and provide a single point of access to documents and resources.
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NetWeaver Information Integration
Business Intelligence
Knowledge Management
Master Data Management
Information Integration makes both structured and unstructured information

available in the enterprise in a consistent and accessible manner
Users demand ubiquitous access to information wherever it resides. That
information must be served in a consistent manner and its integrity
guaranteed
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NetWeaver Information Integration Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence in NetWeaver is composed of the following parts:

Data warehousing, which forms the application-neutral foundation for Business
Intelligence. SAP BW supports the complete data warehousing process, from data
integration, data transformation, consolidation and cleansing to data provision for
analysis.
A business intelligence platform that serves as the technological infrastructure to
support information access and comprehensive analytics.
Business intelligence suite that transforms data into insightful information and serves
a wide variety of users for decision-making.
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NetWeaver Information Integration Knowledge

Management
Knowledge Management (KM) is the umbrella term for the management of unstructured information
that is, all kinds of documents
The Knowledge Management (KM) capabilities of SAP NetWeaver turn unstructured information into
organizational knowledge an essential function in this age of global e-business
The business challenge is to transform unstructured information into organizational knowledge by
structuring and classifying it in such a way that it becomes assessable and relevant to the
enterprise's knowledge workers
There is an urgent need to create a central point of access within the enterprise to manage
information and translate it into knowledge for success
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NetWeaver Information Integration Master Data

Management
Today, companies operating within heterogeneous IT landscapes are commonplace, and the demand for
streamlining communication within such an environment is great.
SAP Master Data Management (SAP MDM) - a key capability of SAP NetWeaver - enables information
integrity across the business network. It enables companies to store, augment, and consolidate master
data, while ensuring consistent distribution to all applications and systems within the IT landscape.
It leverages existing IT investments in business-critical data, delivering vastly reduced data maintenance
costs through effective data management.
By ensuring cross-system data consistency, SAP MDM accelerates the execution of business
processes, greatly improves decision-making and helps companies maintain their competitive
advantage.
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NetWeaver Process Integration
Integration Broker
Business Process Management
Process Integration enables business processes to run seamlessly across heterogeneous

IT landscapes.
Integration broker -- This capability enables XML/SOAP-based communication between
application components from various sources and vendors. It also enables you to define
software components, interfaces, mappings, and content-based routing rules. This
capability is delivered through SAP Exchange Infrastructure (XI)
Business process management -- With business process management, you can model
and drive processes in a dynamic IT environment. It allows you to combine underlying
applications into adaptive, end-to-end processes spanning the entire value chain.
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NetWeaver Process Integration -- XI
Integration Broker
SAP NetWeaver Exchange Infrastructure:

Provides a technical infrastructure for XML-based message exchange in order to
connect SAP components with each other, as well as with non-SAP components
Delivers business-process and integration knowledge to the customer, in the form of
SAPs predefined integration scenarios
Provides an integrated toolset for building new integration scenarios by defining and
maintaining all integration-relevant information ("shared collaboration knowledge")
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NetWeaver Process Integration Business Process

Management
Integration Broker
BPM has three focuses to cater:

Collaboration Tasks, which is part of the Enterprise Portal Framework, to enable individuals to create
light-weight ad hoc process to optimize their day-to-day tasks and add transparency to what they are
doing in relation to their colleagues. This is what delivers the people empowerment.
SAP Business workflow, embedded within the SAP Web Application Server, which is used to automate
the business processes taking place within an SAP component and integrate the SAP users with the
business processes. This is what delivers the workflow empowerment within the mySAP components.
Cross-Component BPM, which is part of SAP Exchange Infrastructure, drives and controls complex
business processes across business applications and enterprise boundaries This delivers the total
Business Process Empowerment in a heterogeneous system landscape.
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NetWeaver Application Platform
J2EE
ABAP
DB and OS Abstraction
The application platform of SAP NetWeaver is the SAP Web Application Server
It provides a complete infrastructure to develop, deploy and run platformindependent, robust and scalable Web Services and business applications.
To allow this flexibility, different technologies have been established
Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
ABAP
DB and OS Abstraction
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NetWeaver Application Platform SAP WAS
SAP Web Application Server (SAP Web

AS) is the application platform of SAP
NetWeaver, i.e. it provides the complete
infrastructure to develop, deploy and run
all SAP NetWeaver applications. The
major key capability of SAP Web AS is the
full support for both the proven ABAP
technology and the innovative open source
internet-driven technologies Java, Java 2
Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and Web
Services.
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NetWeaver Application Platform ABAP
ABAP is the SAP Web Application Server programming language for business
applications
It contains all characteristics of an object-oriented programming language and at the
same time provides the benefits of a 4GL language: Many functions that are located
in libraries in other languages are contained as language elements, which make it
easier to check statistics and is beneficial for program performance.
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NetWeaver Application Platform DB & OS Abstraction

Using the SAP Web Application Server, you can develop applications regardless of the
underlying OS. Using OpenSQL, you can develop applications that run immediately on a
given set of databases. With Web Dynpro you can develop user interfaces that run on a
given set of web browsers.
With MCOD (multiple components in one database), SAP provides the option to deploy
several independent SAP components in one database without compromising flexibility.
With SAP DB, SAP has its own DB platform offering. SAP DB is an enterprise open
source database designed for easy and simple administration and providing very low
total costs of ownership.
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Composites aim at enabling efficient development of new

applications that are easily adopted by customers, and allow
flexibility in backend connectivity
The key characteristics of composite applications are:
-
Model-driven architecture
Reuse of existing assets
Loose coupling to backend systems
Adaptive user-centric process flow and user interfaces
Among the main features that SAP CAF provides are:

-
Composite Application Framework (CAF)
NetWeaver Application Platform Composite Application Framework
Support for the three layers of a composite application

(services, user interfaces, and processes)
Patterns and templates at all three levels to increase

development efficiency and application homogeneity
- Model- and code-generation-based methods using tools
that store models in a proprietary metamodel repository
-
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Questions ?
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Introduction to SAP Product

Security
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Objectives
Why security & implications ?
What types of security ?
NetWeaver Security
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Perfect Security ?
There is no perfect security
Needs to evolve with changing technologies & associated risks
Risk to a security attack can be minimized
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Why is Security necessary ?

With the increasing use of distributed systems and the Internet for managing business
data, the demands on security are also on the rise.
When using a distributed system, you need to be sure that your data and processes
support your business needs without allowing unauthorized access to critical
information.
User errors, negligence, or attempted manipulation on your system should not result in
loss of information or processing time.
These demands on security apply likewise to the SAP NetWeaver platform.
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What to protect ?
There are various aspects to consider while considering the answer to the above
In the SAP environment, we should be able to reduce the risk of a security attack in the
entire NetWeaver stack
Broadly, we are looking at reducing security risks to the following NetWeaver layers:
People Integration
Process Integration
Information Integration
Application Platform
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People Integration Security Risks ?
Portal
Collaboration
People Integration brings together the right functionality and the right
information to the right people. This module of the NetWeaver stack aims at
providing seamless user experience, boundless collaboration functionality, and
pervasive access.
This functionality of this module of the NetWeaver stack is further broken down
into:
Portal Infrastructure
Collaboration
We will investigate the security aspects to be considered for the above subcomponents in forth coming slides.
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NetWeaver Portal Security
The SAP NetWeaver Portal offers users a single point of access to all applications, information, and
services needed to accomplish their daily tasks. Links to back-end and legacy applications, selfservice applications, company intranet services, and Internet services are all readily available in the
users portal. Because the borders between company intranets and the Internet are blurring,
comprehensive security is vital to protect the companys business.
Below are the aspects to consider while aiming to secure enterprise portal:
User administration & Authentication
Authorizations
Network & Communication Security
Data Storage Security
Operating System Security
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Portal Security - User Administration & Authentication

This section covers:
User Management
Authentication
Integration Into Single Sign-On Environments
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User Management
The SAP NetWeaver Portal uses the User Management Engine (UME) for user
management.
The UME can be configured to work with user management data from multiple data
sources, for example, an LDAP directory, database of the SAP NetWeaver Application
Server (AS) Java, or ABAP system.
The UME is integrated as a service of the Java AS.
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User Management Engine (UME)
What is the User Management Engine ?
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User Management Engine (UME)
The User Management Engine (UME) provides a centralized user management for all Java
applications. It can be configured to work with user management data from multiple data sources. It
is seamlessly integrated in the SAP NetWeaver Application Server (AS) Java as its default user
store and can be administrated using the administration tools of the AS Java.
In the figure, user data is stored in one or more data sources. Each type of data source has its own
persistence adapter. The persistence manager consults the persistence adapters when creating,
reading, writing, and searching user management data. The application programming interface (API)
is a layer on top of the persistence manager.
In the persistence manager, you configure which data is written to or read from which data source,
so that the applications using the API do not have to know any details about where user
management data is stored.
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Portal Security - Authentication

Authentication provides a way of verifying the users identity before he or she is granted
access to the portal.
Several authentication mechanisms exist, some detailed below:
-
Basic authentication (Userid & Password)
Client Certificates
Single Sign-on
Single Sign-On with Logon Tickets
Single Sign-On with User-id & Password
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Portal Security Authentication Basic Authentication

Basic Authentication is an HTTP standard method to use for authentication, whereby the
user provides a user ID and password for authentication.
SAP J2EE Engine uses Basic Authentication for applications that are set up to use
basic or form authentication.
When using basic authentication, the users information is passed to the server over the
HTTP connection in a header variable as a base-64 encoded string.
When using form-based authentication, the information is passed in the URL as an URL
parameter.
Since the above is not very secure, the user of SSL to secure is recommended which
then converts a HTTP request to HTTPS.
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Portal Security Authentication - Client Certificates

In addition to using SSL for encrypting connections, you can use SSL and X.509 client
certificates for authenticating client or user access requests to the J2EE Engine.
When using client certificates, authentication takes places transparently for the user with
the underlying SSL security protocol. Therefore, you can use authentication with client
certificates to integrate the J2EE Engine in a Single Sign-On environment.
Users need to receive their client certificates from a Certification Authority (CA) as part
of a public-key infrastructure (PKI). If you do not have an established PKI then you can
use a Trust Center Service to obtain certificates.
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Portal Security Authentication Single Sign-On (SSO)

SSO is a key feature of the SAP NetWeaver Portal that eases user interaction with the
many component systems available to the user in a portal environment. Once the user is
authenticated to the portal, he or she can use the portal to access external applications.
With SSO in the portal, the user can access different systems and applications without
having to repeatedly enter his or her user information for authentication.
The portal SSO mechanism is available in the following variants depending on security
requirements and the supported external applications:
-
SSO with logon tickets
SSO with user ID and password
Both variants eliminate the need for repeated logons to individual applications after the
initial authentication at the portal. Whereas SSO with logon tickets is based on a secure
ticketing mechanism, SSO with user ID and password forwards the users logon data
(user ID and password) to the systems that a user wants to call.
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Portal Security Authentication Single Sign-On (SSO)

Single Sign-On With Login Tickets
Logon tickets represent the user credentials. The portal server issues a logon ticket to a user after
successful initial authentication
The logon ticket itself is stored as a cookie on the client and is sent with each request of that client.
It can then be used by external applications such as SAP systems to authenticate the portal user to
those external applications without any further user logons being required.
Logon tickets contain information about the authenticated user. They do not contain any passwords.
Specifically, logon tickets contain the following items:
-
Portal user ID and one mapped user ID for external applications
Authentication scheme
Validity period
Information identifying the issuing system

Digital signature
When using logon tickets, one system must be the ticket-issuing system. This can either be the portal
or another system.
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Portal Security Authentication Single Sign-On

Single Sign-On With Userid & Password
The Single Sign-On (SSO) mechanism with user name and password provides an alternative for
applications that cannot accept and verify logon tickets.
With this SSO mechanism the portal server uses user mapping information provided by users or
administrators to give the portal user access to external systems. ]
The portal components connect to the external system with the users credentials.
Since the system sends the user's logon ID and password across the network, use a secure protocol
such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for sending data.
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Portal Security - Authorization

Authorizations define which objects users can access and which actions they can
perform. The portal has an authorization concept that is implemented using the following
concepts:
Permissions
Security Zones
UME Actions
AuthRequirement property
Portal permissions define portal user access rights to portal objects in the PCD and are based on
access control list (ACL) methodology.
Security Zones Control which portal components and portal services users can launch and are
defined in the development phase.
UME Actions the User Management Engine (UME) equivalent of portal permissions. The UME
verifies that users have the appropriate UME actions assigned to them before granting them access
to UME iViews and functions.
AuthRequirement property This is a master iView property used in EP 5.0 that defines which users
are authorized to access a master iView or Java iViews derived from a master iView.
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Portal Security Authentication Portal Roles

In the SAP NetWeaver Portal, roles are only indirectly linked to authorization.
Portal roles group together the portal content required by users with a certain role in the
company. In addition, the role structure defines the navigation structure that a user sees
in the portal.
Users and groups assigned to a role inherit the permissions of the role. By default this is
end user permission.
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Portal Security Network & Communication Security

The portal is dependent on the NetWeaver Application Server for Java for network
communication.
SAP systems are implemented as client-server frameworks built in three levels:
database server level, application server level and the presentation level (front ends).
The servers are the most vulnerable part of the network infrastructure and special care
should be taken to protect them from unauthorized access
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Collaboration Security
SAP Collaboration allows access to company-internal personal data, information, and
documents that may not be equally accessible to all portal users. Settings for data
security prevent unauthorized access and data manipulation.
Collaboration uses the user management and user authentication mechanisms in the
SAP NetWeaver platform, in particular those in the SAP Web Application Server (Java).
Therefore, the security recommendations and guidelines for user management and
authentication apply as described in the SAP Web Application Server security guide.
Collaboration uses the permissions concept provided by the SAP Web Application
Server (Java). Therefore, the security recommendations and guidelines for permissions
apply as described in the SAP Web Application Server (Java) security guide.
This permissions concept is based on roles that are valid throughout the portal, which
are assigned to the users.
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Multi-Channel Access Security

With multi-channel access, you can connect to enterprise systems through voice,
mobile, or radio-frequency technology.
Multi-channel access is delivered through Mobile Infrastructure.
The mobile device is threatened by the following potential dangers:
-
Loss of the device
Theft
Unauthorized use by an unauthorized person
Data manipulation in the file system
Authentication & Authorization procedures are discussed in the next few slides
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Mobile Infrastructure Authentication

The user management of the SAP MI Client Component manages user IDs and local
logon passwords. The local logon password is used for local user authentication. It is
stored in coded form on the mobile device, and not in plain text. The number of possible
failed attempts can be restricted.
A second password, called the synchronization password, is used for synchronization
with the SAP MI Server Component (SAP NetWeaver AS).
You can change the passwords on the client side at any time. The data can, however,
only be synchronized successfully if the user ID and synchronization password for the
client have counterparts on the server. Users can change both passwords with the SAP
MI Client Component
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Mobile Infrastructure Authentication

Authentication Using System Logon (Bypassing Local SAP MI Logon)
For mobile devices with only one user you can configure the device in such a way that the user does
not have to logon with the local logon password. The start page of the SAP MI Client Component
appears immediately as soon as the mobile device is started. Where this is the case, the user must be
able to identify him- or herself on the operating system.
Where this is the case, the user must be able to identify him- or herself on the operating system.
The authentication on the operating system is not technically linked to the SAP MI Client Component.
It is a conceptual, organizational prerequisite for working with the SAP MI Client Component.
When the user synchronizes with the SAP MI Server Component he or she has to use the
synchronization password. You cannot use this bypass option in conjunction with the handling option
local for the synchronization password. This results in a configuration conflict.
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Mobile Infrastructure - Authentication

Authentication with Single Sign-On
You can configure the SAP MI Client Component to support single sign-on (SSO) if the
device is available with an online connection.
The SSO technology is based on the SAP logon tickets.
The mobile device receives the SAP logon ticket from a system that issues tickets, such
as SAP Enterprise Portal.
The mobile device can then be verified at the SAP MI Server Component with the SAP
logon ticket without the user having to enter an additional password
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Mobile Infrastructure - Authorization

The security recommendations and guidelines for authorizations described in the SAP
NetWeaver Application Server Security Guide also apply, therefore, to SAP MI.
The authorization concept of the SAP NetWeaver AS is based on the assignment of
authorizations to users on the basis of roles. Use the profile generator (transaction
PFCG) for role maintenance on SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP and the user administration
console from the User Management Engine on SAP NetWeaver AS Java.
Access to data and applications on the SAP MI Client Component is controlled by userspecific data filtering based on the SAP authorization concept.
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Mobile Infrastructure Securing the Communication Channel

There are 2 communication paths to secure:
-
From the SAP MI Client Component to the SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP and vice versa
Protocols include HTTP,SSL or HTTPS
Data transferred includes application data, control data for SAP Mobile Infrastructure,
synchronization password
Data requiring particular protection includes synchronization password, as it is copied from
the mobile device to the SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP with each HTTP request. Use of SSL or
HTTPS is recommended
From SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP to back-end system and vice versa

Protocols include RFC
Data type includes application data
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Information Integration- Security Risks ?

Information Integration makes both structured and unstructured information
available in the enterprise in a consistent and accessible manner.
Users demand ubiquitous access to information wherever it resides. That
information must be served in a consistent manner and its integrity
guaranteed.
Security risk revolve around ensuring the integrity of data
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Business Information Warehouse Security

Why Is Security Necessary?
SAP NetWeaver BI serves to integrate, transform, and consolidate data from all
areas of an enterprise in order to provide this for analysis, interpretation and
distribution. This includes confidential corporate data, for example, personal
data from Personnel Administration. Decisions are made in all enterprise areas
and target-oriented actions are determined on the basis of this data. For this
reason, security when accessing data and the ability to guarantee data integrity
is of great importance.
The following examples show the dangers to which BI can be exposed:
-
Attacks from the Internet or Intranet when using BEx Web functionality and Web
Services
Infringement of data protection guidelines through unauthorized access to personal

data
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BI Security - Authentication
The authentication process enables the identity of a user to be checked before this user gains
access to BI or BI data. SAP NetWeaver supports various authentication mechanisms.
Some of the authentication mechanisms include:
-
Single Sign-On (SSO)

Client Certificates
SAP Logon Tickets
Single sign-on implies that once a user is authenticated with a username & password, the user then
has access to other SAP systems that are in the landscape
As an alternative to user authentication using a user ID and passwords, users using Internet
applications via the Internet Transaction Server (ITS) can also provide X.509 client certificates. In
this case, user authentication is performed on the Web Server using the Secure Sockets Layer
Protocol (SSL Protocol) and no passwords have to be transferred. User authorizations are valid in
accordance with the authorization concept in the SAP system.
BI supports SAP logon tickets. To make Single Sign-On available for several systems, users can
issue an SAP logon ticket after they have logged on to the SAP system. The ticket can then be
submitted to other systems (SAP or external systems) as an authentication token. The user does not
need to enter a user ID or password for authentication but can access the system directly after the
system has checked the logon ticket.
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BI Security - Authorization
An authorization allows a user to perform a certain activity on a certain object
in the BI System. There are two different concepts for this depending on the
role and tasks of the user:
Standard Authorizations
-
These authorizations are required by all users that are working in the Data
Warehousing Workbench to model or load data, and also by users that work in the
planning workbench or the Analysis Process Designer and those that work with the
Reporting Agent or the BEx Broadcaster or define queries.
Analysis Authorizations.
-
All users that want to display transaction data from authorization-relevant

characteristics in a query require analysis authorizations for these characteristics.
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Knowledge Management (KM) Security

The KM security aspects deal with preventing illegal access to documents and settings
and prevent them being manipulated illegally.
Security in KM is achieved by implementing one or more of the following measures:
-
Roles
ACLs
Security Zones
Roles are of 3 types:

-
Content Manager allows users to structure & manage content

System Administrator allows user to perform KM administration
Content Administrator allows user to perform KM specific content administration
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Knowledge Management (KM) Security

Restricting access permissions only by using the role concept or worksets is not
sufficient. The use ACLs is recommended.
-
Access permissions on the root nodes of security-relevant repositories should be restricted

immediately after the installation or after configuring new repository managers in order to
prevent documents being read illegally by users hacking or guessing document URLs.
Change the ACLs for subordinate folders if different permissions apply for these folders.
Security zones
-
Security zones restrict unauthorized direct access to KM content

For initial KM content, the required permissions in the security zones are already assigned
during installation of SAP NetWeaver.
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KM Security - Communication Channel Security

Various channels of communication and technologies are used between the components
and data sources in Knowledge Management.
The following technologies are used for communication:
-
HTTP/HTTPS
WebDAV
ICE
JDBC on OpenSQL
Operation-system-dependent and database-specific technologies
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Process Integration Security Risks ?

Why Is Security Necessary?
As the central infrastructure for exchanging business documents, PI has to make sure
that the involved processes can be executed in a secure manner. Particular security
requirements have to be considered if business partners communicate over the Internet.
XML messages may contain confidential business data. In order to protect them against
eavesdropping and unauthorized access, the communication lines as well as the storage
locations of XML messages need to be made secure.
In addition to the business data exchanged using PI, the various components of PI need
to communicate with each other on a technical level in order to keep the infrastructure
running. Security requirements apply to these technical communications as well,
because confidential information such as user names and passwords may have to be
sent or stored, or both.
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PI Security - Communication
The components of a process integration (PI) landscape communicate with each other
for different purposes like configuration, administration, monitoring, or the actual
messaging.
The primary purpose of a PI landscape is to enable business partners and applications
to exchange XML messages (business documents). This includes business
communication between business systems, Integration Servers or Adapter Engines.
In addition to proper messaging, technical communication between various PI tools and
runtime components is required.
Two different technical protocols are used for these communications: HTTP and RFC.
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PI Security - Authentication
Session-based single sign-on is supported for the dialog users of the PI tools.
A dialog user has to log on only once for all PI tools, provided that the same browser
session is used for each tool access, and that the tools are started from the same SAP
NetWeaver Application Server Java.
Single sign-on is also supported by the Runtime Workbench where access to other PI
components is required (for example, for component monitoring).
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PI Security Message Level Security

Message-level security allows you to digitally sign or encrypt documents exchanged between
systems or business partners. It improves communication-level security by adding security features
that are particularly important for inter-enterprise communication. Message-level security is
recommended and sometimes a prerequisite for inter-enterprise communication.
Certificate Store
-
Message-level security processing is generally done in SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java
(AS-Java). If the Integration Server executes security processing, a Web service is called in the
J2EE Engine. Therefore, the certificates as well as the certification authority (CA) certificates to
be used must be entered into the keystore of the J2EE Engine that executes the security
handling at runtime.
Archiving Secured Messages

-
For non-repudiation purposes, signed messages are stored in a dedicated archive, the nonrepudiation archive. It contains data to prove the validity of the signature. The following data is
stored:
The raw message
The security policy as configured in the Integration Directory
The sender certificate
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Questions ?
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Copyright IBM Corporation 2004

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Freedom from risk or danger; safety.

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A secure System and Threat

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Why I am here and how do I achieve it ?

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A security Consultant should know

Who could attack the system /

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Keeping People out of Places Where They Should Not Be

Safeguarding the Data from Damage or Loss

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So, Do I understand ? .. I need to implement some

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The BIG Picture ..

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Security - Under The Microscope .

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Patches , O/S Hardening

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A known story with an extension

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If we co-relate the rabbit and the tortoise to our computer world

Any computer is not secured

The applications are not secured ( consider the

The O/S is not secured (the house of the rabbit or

The database and data is not secured ( The

The network path is not secured ( the path through

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Lets understand these challenges in our

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Lets introduce Program Security

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Computer programs are the first line of defense in computer security,

Finally, a program is exact if

A computer program is correct if

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Application Security Threat Flow

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My Program is Secured .. But is my O/S secured ?

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How as operating system is build?

Operating systems, structured specifically, for security are

A kernelized operating system is designed in layers.

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Security of operating systems

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The container story . Database damage

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Why to Protect a Data Base Intelligent Threats

Total Market Share

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Table Access Control

Restricting Database Access

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Knock .. Knock can you save my data?