ADDITIONAL SCIENCE FORM 4

CHAPTER 9: MOLE CONCEPT

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR

MASS

Relative atomic mass of an element is

defined as the mass of one atom of the
element compared to 1/12 the mass of
one carbon-12 atom.
Relative atomic = ____Mass of one atom of X____
mass of X
1/12 x Mass of one C-12 atom

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR

MASS

Example 1:
A chlorine, CI atom is 2.92 times as heavy as a
carbon-12 atom. What is the relative atomic
mass of chlorine?
Solution
Relative atomic mass of CI = 12 x 2.92
= 35

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

The value of the relative atomic mass of an

element may be obtained from the Periodic
Table.
Proton number
Symbol of
element
Relative atomic
mass

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

Relative molecular mass of an element or a

compound is defined as the mass of one
molecule of the element or compound
compared to 1/12 the mass of one carbon-12
atom.
Relative molecular = _ Mass of one molecule of X___
mass of X
1/12 x Mass of one atom of C-12

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

Example 1:
A carbon dioxide, CO2 molecule is 3.67 times
as heavy as a carbon-12. What is the relative
molecular mass of CO2?
Solution
Relative molecular = 12 x 3.67
mass of CO2
= 44

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

If the chemical formula of a molecule is

known, its relative molecular mass can be
calculated.
For element
Relative molecular = a x Relative atomic mass of X
mass of Xa
For compound
Relative molecular = (a x Relative atomic mass of X)
mass of XaYb
+ (b x Relative atomic mass of Y)

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

Example 1:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of
ozone, O3.
Solution
Relative molecular = 3 x Relative atomic
mass of O3
mass of O
= 3 x 16
= 48

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

Example 2:
Calculate the relative molecular mass of
carbon disulphide, CS2.
Solution
Relative molecular = Relative atomic mass of C
mass of CS2
+ (2 x Relative atomic
mass of S)
= 12 + 2 (32)
= 76

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

The term relative molecular mass is not

appropriate for ionic compounds. Instead,
the term relative formula mass is used.
The relative formula mass is calculated the
same way as relative molecular mass.

9.1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS AND RELATIVE

MOLECULAR MASS

Example 1:
Calculate the relative formula mass of sodium
oxide, Na2O.
Solution
Relative formula = (2 x Relative atomic mass
of
mass of Na2O
Na) + Relative atomic mass
mass of O
= 2 x 23 + 16

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

The counting unit for atoms, molecules and

ions is the mole (symbol mol).
One mole of any substance contains 6.02 x
1023 atoms, molecules or formula units
(for ionic compounds).
One mole of copper contains 6.02 x 10 23
atoms, one mole of carbon dioxide contains
6.02 x 1023 molecules and one mole of sodium
chloride contains 6.02 x 1023 formula units.

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

The number 6.02 x 1023 is known as the

Avogadros number (NA).
The mass of one mole of a substance is
called its molar mass (gmol-1).
The molar mass of an atomic substance is its
relative atomic mass.
The molar mass of a molecular substance is
its relative molecular mass.
The molar mass of an ionic substance is its
relative formula mass.

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

The relationship between number of moles,

mass and molar mass:
Number of moles =
of atoms
Number of moles =
of molecules

Mass of atoms
Molar mass
Mass of molecules
Molar mass

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

Example 1:
The mass of a coil of copper wire is 0.30 g.
What is the number of moles of copper atoms
in the copper wire? Molar mass of copper is
63.5 gmol-1.
Solution
Number of moles of Cu atoms = 0.30
63.5
= 0.0047 mol

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

Example 2:
A 0.18 moles of sample of an oxide of nitrogen
(X) was found to weigh 5.4 g. What is the
molar mass of X?
Solution
Molar mass of X = 5.4
0.18
= 30 gmol-1

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

The relationship between the number of

atoms or molecules, number of moles and
Avogadros number:
Number of atoms = Number of moles x Avogadros
of atoms
number
Number of molecules = Number of moles x Avogadros
of molecules
number

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

Example 1:
What is the number of copper, Cu atoms in 4.7 x
10-3 mol of copper?
Solution
Number of Cu atoms = 4.7 x 10-3 x 6.02 x 1023
= 2.8 x 1021 atoms

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

Example 2:
A sample of sulphur dioxide, SO2 gas weighs
5.0 g. What is the number of SO2 molecules in
the sample? [Relative atomic mass: S = 32;
O = 16]
Solution
Number of moles of SO2 = 5
64
= 0.078 mol

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES

Number of SO2 molecules= 0.078 x 6.02 x 1023

= 4.7x1022 molecules

9.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND THE

NUMBER OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES
MOLAR MASS

AVOGADROS NUMBER

Number
of moles
(mol)

Mass (g)

MOLAR MASS

Number
of
particles

AVOGADROS NUMBER

9.3 THE MOLE CONCEPT IN A CHEMICAL EQUATION

To write a chemical equation, you must

know the reactants, the products and their
chemical formulae.
The chemical formulae of the reactants are
written on the left-hand side while the
chemical formulae of the products are
written on the right-hand side.
The number of each atom both sides of the
equation must be balanced.

9.3 THE MOLE CONCEPT IN A CHEMICAL EQUATION

Example 1:
Write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide solution to form sodium chloride and
water.
Solution
HCI + NaOH
NaCI + H2O

9.3 THE MOLE CONCEPT IN A CHEMICAL EQUATION

Example 2:
Write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction between copper (II) oxide and
hydrochloric acid to form copper (II) chloride
solution and water.
Solution
CuO + 2HCI
CuCI2 + H2O

9.3 THE MOLE CONCEPT IN A CHEMICAL EQUATION

Example 2:
Write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction between copper (II) oxide and
hydrochloric acid to form copper (II) chloride
solution and water.
Solution
CuO + 2HCI
CuCI2 + H2O

9.3 THE MOLE CONCEPT IN A CHEMICAL EQUATION

Example 3:
A chemist wants to prepare 10.0 g of sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) from the reaction of sodium,
Na with water, H2O. Calculate the mass of
sodium that he has to use in the reaction.
Hydrogen gas is liberated in the reaction.
[Relative atomic mass of Na = 23; Relative
formula mass of NaOH = 40]

9.3 THE MOLE CONCEPT IN A CHEMICAL EQUATION

Solution
2Na + 2H2O

2NaOH + H2

Number of moles of NaOH = 10

40
= 0.25 mol
Number of moles = Number of moles
of Na
of NaOH
= 0.25 mol
Mass of Na = 0.25 x 23
= 5.8 g

9.4 APPRECIATION THE MOLE CONCEPT

The law of conservation of mass states that

in chemical reactions, the total mass of the
reactants equals to the total mass of the
products.
The mole concept explains the law of
conservation of mass because the number
of atoms is still conserved.