Topic:- METHODS OF PLANT

BREEDING

Presentation by :- NAVEEN PRATAP SINGH

ID No. :- 13078
YEAR :- BSc Ag 3rd year
BATCH :- B

What is PLANT BREEDING ?

ART

SCIENCE

What is the importance of plant

breeding?
breeding new crops is important for

ensuring globalfood security by

developing new varieties that are
higher-yielding, resistant to pests and
diseases, drought-resistant or regionally
adapted to different environments and
growing conditions.
Increased yield without expansion
Breeding for increased nutritional value

Popular scientists in Plant

breeding

Norman E
Borlaug
"Father of the
Green

Prof. MS
Swaminathan
"Indian Father of

Themost important factor for plant

breedingisgenetic variationin the desired
characteristic.
For example, a farmer who
wants to select a plant with
resistance to an insect pest will
watch for the plants that survive
an insect attack. Another farmer
wanting larger fruits will save
seeds from plants yielding the
biggest fruits in the field.
The most important factor for
basic selective breeding is to
start with plenty of genetic
variation (top diagram) and to
select and multiply the
characteristic of interest (bottom
diagram).
As a result from breeding, most
of the species we rely on for food
are very different from their wild
relatives.

Steps of plant breeding

The following are the major activities of plant
breeding:
Collection of variation
Selection
Evaluation
Release
Multiplication
Distribution of the new variety

Introduction of Plants
Process plants introduced from their Native
place to Another place for Crop
Improvement.
A). INTRODUCTION.
B). ACCLIMATIZATION

A). INTRODUCTION
Introduction of a Plant from their Native

place to Another place which having

different Climate,
Sexually Reproducing plants introduced by
means of Seeds.
Vegetatively Reproducing plants introduced
by means of Cutting, Layering, Graft, Bulb
& Tubers.

B). ACCLIMATIZATION
For Successful introduction, The introduced

plant has to Adopt itself to grow he New

area.
Ability of Introduced plant to Survive in the
New Climate & Soil Condition.

Breeding methods

Inbreeding
Outbreeding
Heterosis

INBREEDING
Mating of Parents who are Closely

Genetically related.
METHOD OF INBREEDING
Marriage between Brother and Sister in
plant is an Ideal Inbreeding.
In Plants, It Occurs in the Form of Self
Pollination

MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS OF
INBREEDING

DEMERITS OF
INBREEDING

Increase in homozygotes.
Production of pure line.
Elimination of deleterious recessive

character.
Production of valuable breeds.

Low yeild.
Inbreeding depression
Appearance of deleterious character.

OUTBREEDING
Mating of Unrelated individuals.
Also known as Cross Breeding.
The offspring formed by mating of Two

unrelated parents.
TYPES OF OUTBREEDING
A) INTRASPECIFIC : Matting between
Members of Same Species.
B) INTERSPECIFIC : Matting between
Members of Different Species.
C) INTERGENERIC :Matting between the
Members of Different Genera.

MERITS OF OUTBREEDING
Increased genetic variability because

of meiosis and genetic recombination

can exchange genes.
Adaptation to changing conditions.
May allow plant to live under a wider
range of conditions or to grow faster
because of greater tolerance.
There is no INBREEDING DEPRESSION .

HETEROSIS BREEDING
The Increased growth vigour or yield of

hybrids over the Parents is known as

Heterosis or Hybrid vigour.
Heterosis means Deviation of Offspring
from the Actual Character of Parents.

So we came to know that with the help of PLANT

BREEDING we can raise a new improved varieties
with various characteristics like HIGHER YEILD,
RESISTANT TO DIFFERENT STRESSES , HIGH
NUTRITIONAL VALUE etc which is very necessary
for feeding the INCREASING POPULATION . As it is
estimated that a 70% increase in food production is
needed by 2050 in order to meet the Declaration of
the World Summit on Food Security .

So finally we can conclude

that plant breeding is an essential tool
in gearing future agriculture to
perform at a more advanced level.