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SUDHESH N.T
Assistant Professor
Sudhesh.nt@gmail.com
CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY
Latin word persona
Allport
- dynamic organization
within the individual of those
psycho-physical
systems
that
determine his unique adjustment
to his environment
Cattell it is that which permits a
prediction of what a person will do
in a given situation
Personality is dynamic
Organized and not static
Includes physical, mental & emotional
traits
Unique and specific
Adjustment to ones environment
Exhibits self consciousness
Organization
of
psychophysical
systems
Sometimes disorganized
Product of heredity and environment
It is an end product of learning &
acquisition
Measured one
Its just an estimation
System of emotional disposition
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
4 broad categories
CLASSIFICATION AYURVEDA
Dominance
of the
Element
Personality
Type
Somatic
characteristi
cs
Personality
characteristi
cs
Vata
Slightly built,
dull dark hair
and eyes, dry
rough skin,
suffer from stiiff
joints,
constipation
Restless with
active minds,
emotionally
insecure, poor
memory,
insomnia,
depression,
good artists and
enjoying
travelling,
solitary &
rebellious
Kapha
Big boned,
overweight,
Lot of sleep,
rational speak &
Dominance
of the
Element
Personality
Type
Pitta
Somatic
characteristi
cs
Average build,
rudy
complexion or
red hair, moles,
Freckles or
acne, tendency
to go grey &
bald early,
green eyes
Personality
characteristi
cs
Intense,
argumentative,
critical sharp
intelligence,
good leaders,
enjoy sports,
hunting,
politics, vivid
dreams
HIPPOCRATES
Classified by body fluids
Blood, Yellow bile, Phlegm and Black bile
Sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic & Melancholic
Light hearted, optimistic, happy, hopeful,
accommodating
Irritable, angry but passionate, strong with active
imagination
Cold calm, slow indifferent
Bad tempered, sad, depressed, pessimistic, selfinvolved
KRETSCHMER
According to Biological Types with
respect to the physical structure
Pyknic (fat body) sociable, jolly,
easy going
Athletic
(balanced
body)
unsociable,
reserved,
shy,
sensitive, pessimistic
SHELDON
Physical structure temperament
Endomorphic highly developed
viscera easy going, sociable,
affectionate
Mesomorphic balanced viscera
craving for muscular activity, selfassertive, loves risk & adventure
Ectomorphic undeveloped viscera
pessimistic, unsociable, reserved.
RADICAL BEHAVIORISM
Learning Theories
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Pavlov, Thorndike and B.F Skinner
Reinforcement theory The basis of
Behaviour
p. 407).
Skinner box
Schedules of reinforcement
Shaping Behavior
Chaining Behavior
An
unpleasant
experience
is
withdrawn
from
the
situation
provided the desirable response is
given.
Punishment
presentation
of
an
unpleasant
experience.
Shaping Behavior
Shaping
An explanation for the acquisition
of complex behavior. Behavior
such as learning to speak will be
reinforced only as it comes to
approximate or approach the
final desired behavior.
Superstitious behaviour
Schedules of
Reinforcement
TRAIT APPROACH
Thoughts, Feelings, Actions
EYSENCKS THEORY
Traits in to Types
Group of correlated traits
Personality Types
Introvert extrovert
Neurotic stability
Psychotic normal
Dynamics of personality
HUMINISTIC APPROACH
PSYCHO-ANALYTIC APPROACH
Theory of Psycho-sexual
development
DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY
Unconscious part of human mind
3 levels of consciousness
PERSONALITY STRUCTURE
Composed of 3 major systems
The id , ego and superego
Id
Original system
Instinctual
Reservoir of psychic energy
Operates on pleasure principle
Not concerned with good or bad
Super ego
Moral component of personality
It works out according to social acceptance
It determines whether pty is good/bad
It focuses on perfection rather than pleasure
It focuses on ideal rather than real.
It emerge out of the age at around 3-5 years
It emerges from id
originally id alone, which later differentiates
into ego & superego
Psycho Sexual
development
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
Genital stage
Oral stage
The first year of life
Main source of erotic stimulation is the mouth
(in biting, sucking, chewing, and so on)
Oral sadistic period
Fixation at the oral stage could form the basis
for obsessive eating or smoking later in life
First autoerotic experience is thumb sucking, a
defense against anxiety that satisfies their
sexual but not their nutritional needs.
Anal stage
Children get their erotic pleasure from their
bowel movements, through either the
expulsion or retention of feces.
Anus emerges as a sexually pleasurable zone.
Two sub-phases, the early anal and the late
anal
Children often behave aggressively toward
their parents for frustrating them with toilet
training.
societys first systematic effort to regulate
the childs biological urges
Phallic stage
Around 4 yrs
Genitals become the focus for the childs
erotic energy
Oedipal complex - develop an erotically
tinged preference for their mother.
Oedipus was separated from his parents at
birth. Not knowing the identity of his real
parents, when he grew up he inadvertently
killed his father and married his mother.
Latency stage
4 6 yrs
childs sexuality is largely suppressed
expanding social contacts beyond the
immediate family.
If parental suppression is successful,
children will repress their sexual drive
and direct their psychic energy toward
school, friend-ships, hobbies, and other
nonsexual activities.
Genital period
puberty - adults
Erogenous zone - sex organs
Sexual urges reappear and focus on the
genitals once again.
sexual energy is normally channeled
toward peers of the other sex
Freud believed that unconscious sexual
conflicts rooted in childhood experiences
cause most personality disturbances.
Frustrations
Conflicts
Threats
Unconscious modeling
Repression
Personality assessment
Questionnaire
Graphology
Inventory
Projective tests
Body language
Graphology
Handwriting can be a way to
understand your personality.
Your conscious mind determines WHAT
you write and your subconscious mind
controls HOW you write.
Personality characteristics can be
analyzed by size, pressure, speed,
spacing, slant, and over 20 others
elements.
Method
Letter size
Upper zone
Middle zone
Lower zone
Pressure
Spacing
Questionnaire
Use of Questionnaire
Types
Structured
Unstructured - interviews
Pictorial questionnaire for children
want to tick the picture
Inventory
Projective Techniques
Personality disorder
Based on projection
Body language
THANKS
FOR SHARING YOUR
RESOURCES
SUDHESH.N.T
Sudhesh.nt@gmail.c
om
Mb: 09846069853