The

Universe/
Astronomy
and
Aerospace
 The
Universe
What is The
Universe ?
Universe is a large of
space which contains all
of the matter and energy in
existence.
Its contains all of the
galaxies, stars and planets.
The characteristic of The
Universe.
The size of universe is
unknown.
The commoving distance to the
edge of the visible universe is
about 46.5 billion light.
The shape of universe on the
largest scale is unknown.
 Galaxies
There is a small fuzzy patch in the sky that
they called it Nebula.
The first astronomers called the Nebula is
“Spiral Nebulae” because when they made a
research, they noticed that some of the Nebula
had a spiral shape.
They believed that “Spiral Nebulae” is part of
our galaxy / community of stars.
Edwin Hubble studied the Nebula have other
communities of billions of stars that held
together by gravity of galaxies and its not just a
Nebula at all.
 Stars
Its occur in compact regions of
dust and gas that known as giant
molecular clouds.
The formation of star depend
especially upon its starting mass.
It may take millions or billions of
years for a star to complete its life
cycle.
 What is The Astronomy
It is the science of celestial objects such
as stars, planets, comets and galaxies.
It is also the phenomena that originated
outside the Earth’s atmosphere.
Its related with the evolution, physics,
chemistry, meteology and motion of
celestial objects, as well as the formotion
and development of the universe.
 Planets
The planets were formed by a protoplanetry disk that
surrounded the early sun.
Through a process that included gravitational
attraction, collision and acceration, the disk formed
clumps of matter that with time became protoplanets.
The radiation pressure of the solar wind then expelled
most of the unaccreted matter and only these planets
with sufficient mass retained their gaseous
atmosphere.
The planets continued to impact craters on the moon.
Some of the protoplanet may have collided during
this period, the leading hypothesis for how moon were
formed.
 Scaled model of our planets
Real Diameter Real Distance (million Scaled Distance
Object Scaled Size (cm)
(km) km) (m)
Sun 1,392,000 16.51
0.058 (tiny! grain of
Mercury 4880 57.910 6.9 (7 big steps)
sand)
Venus 12,104 108.16 0.14 (grain of sand) 12.8 (13 big steps)
Earth 12,742 149.6 0.15 (grain of sand) 17.7 (18 big steps)
Mars 6780 228.0 0.08 (almost 1 mm) 27.0 (27 big steps)
Jupiter 139,822 778.4 1.7 (a dime) 92.3 (92 big steps)
169.3 (169 big
Saturn 116,464 1,427.0 1.4 (a button)
steps)
340.4 (340 big
Uranus 50,724 2,869.6 0.6 (button snap)
steps)
533.3 (533 big
Neptune 49,248 4,496.6 0.6 (button snap)
steps)
0.03 (small piece of 701.4 (701 big
Pluto 2274 5,913.5
dust) steps)
Astronomical
object
 Solar Astronomy
The Sun has steadily increased in
luminosity over the course of its life,
increasing by 40% since it first became a
main-sequence star.
The visible outer surface of the Sun is
called the photosphere, above this layer is
a thin region known as the chromosphere.
This is surrounded by a transition region
of rapidly increasing temperatures, then
by the super-heated corona.
 Stellar astronomy
The study of stars
and stellar evolution is
fundamental to our
understanding of the
universe.
Galactic astronomy
Our solar sysytem
orbits within the Milky
Way , a barred , spiral
galaxy that is a
prominent member of the
Local Group og galaxies.
 What is The Aerospace
Aerospace comprises air and space travel,
manufacturing and associated.
It is a very diverse industry, with a multitude of
commercial, industrial and military applications.
Aerospace is not the same as airspace which is
aterm used to describe the physical air space
directly above a location on the ground.
Aerospace include space stations, space
shuttles, space probes and space telescopes.
 Space stations
A large structure in space that acts
as home for astronauts working in
space for some time
It is built in small pats or modules
taken one at a time by rockets.
A space station is well equipped
with food, water and air for
astronauts to survive.
 Space shuttle
A rocket about the size of a large aeroplane.
Used for travelling between Earth and space
station
Its purpose is to carry large instruments into
space, launchspace satellites, space probes
and take astronauts to space stations
Space shuttles such as Endeavour and
Discovery have been used to carry astronauts.
 Space probes
Unmanned space craft that send back
to Earth valuable data about our solar
sysytem.
Thespace proble Vogayer 2 has taken
close-up photos of Jupiter, Saturn ,
Uranus and Neptune.
On the Mars Pathfinder mission in
1997, a remote-controlled vehicle was
used to explore the surface of Mars to
see if life is exists there.
 Space telescope
Helped astronomers learn more about
space.
One of the most famous complex satellite
telescope is space the Hubble Space
Telescope.
Carried into space inside the space shuttle
discovery and released into orbit in 1990.
It gives close-up pictures of most of the
planets and moons of our solar system.
. . .The end. . .

^Thank you~