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MACHO BOVINO
LA IMPORTANCIA DE UNA BUENA
ELECCION DE MACHOS ES RELEVANTE
EN SISTEMAS EXTENSIVOS , INTENSIVOS
Y CENTROS DE SEMEN
EVALUACION DE TOROS
funcionalidad reproductiva de un macho
I.-ElExamenFsico.
Aparato locomotor
Articulaciones y aplomo de los miembros.
Pezuas.
Destreza al caminar.
En condiciones extensivas el toro debe caminar en busca de celos.
Estudios han estimado que un toro en poca de servicio camina en
promedio entre 15-25 Km. por da
prepucio
biotipo
pigmentacin, etc.
LESION
Lesionesenpeneyprepucio
46a
0.5
186a
1.3
Escroto,testculoyepiddimo
222b
2,5
224c
1.5
Glndulassexualesaccesorias
5d
0.05
4e
0.02
Anomalaslocomotoras
57f
0.6
486g
3.4
Lesionesoculares
45
0.3
Desgastedentario
789
5.5
Condicin
Vrgenes
Otrascausas
Adultos
5h
0.05
64h
0.4
totaltoroseliminados
335i
3.8
l.798j
12.6
totaltorosexaminados
8.739
100
14.255
100
LetrasdiferentesentrecolumnasP<0.05
Condicin
Vrgenes
Desgastedentario
Adultos
789
43.8
Aparato genital
hipoplasiatesticular(<30cm)
130
38.8
monorquido
40
11.9
17
0.9
lesionesenpene
36
10.7
158
8.8
inflamacinentestculo/epiddimo
36
10.7
94
5. 2
atrofiatesticular
16
4.8
88
4. 9
malaconsistenciatesticular
25
1.4
lesionesenprepucio
2.4
28
1.5
seminovesiculitis
1.5
0.2
fibropapilomapeneano
0.7
carcinomaencornea
26
1.4
queratitiscrnica
19
1.1
Visin
Aparato locomotor
claudicacionesenpatas
26
7.8
253
14 .1
pezuaslesionadas,deformadas
19
5.7
82
4.6
Claudicacionesenmanos
39
2.2
Callointerdigital
13
0.7
aplomosdefectuosos
2.0
tarsitis
1.5
56
3.1
Inadecuadofenotipo
1.5
Malacondicincorporal
40
2.2
Defectosdecolumna
43
2.3
Maltemperamento
18
1.1
Brucelosis
0.3
335
100
1.798
100
Total
II.-Examendelaparatoreproductivo
MENOR
FERTILIDAD
HIPOPLASIA TESTICULAR
MAYOR
FERTILIDAD
DIAMETRO
IDEAL MAS DE
32 CMS
Epididimitis caudal
Sin atrofia de testculo
Fibrosis
Periorquitis debida a:
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
infection
despus de una castracin
unilateral.
Conductos deferentes
Ampula
Colliculus seminalis
Conductos deferentes
Ampula
Colliculus seminalis
Unilateral Scrotal
Enlargement.
The left testis is
enlarged due to a
hydrocele.
Scrotal Hernia 1.
Unilateral scrotal
hernia in a Santa
Gertrudis bull.
Surgically corrected.
Eight feet of intestines
had herniated through
the inguinal ring.
Pox Lesions.
Pox lesions at the bottom of the scrotum.
OBSERVAR
HACER TACTO EXTERNO
EXTERIORIZAR
MANUALMENTE PRESIONANDO LA S PENIANA
EXTERIORIZANDO CON ELECTRO EYACULADOR
Manual Extension.
The bull can be made to extend his penis with
the aid of an electroejaculator, or (with some
practice) by manually stimulating the base of the
penis per rectum, until the glans penis protrudes
from the prepuce. It should then be grasped with
the help of a piece of gauze.
Persistent Frenulum.
Persistent frenulum is the result of the retention
of the attachment between visceral and parietal
layers of the inner lamina of the prepuce. This
condition is believed to be hereditary. It is
advisable to ligate the frenulum prior to
transsection because the structure frequently
contains well developed blood vessels.
Frenulum.
Occasionally, a persistent frenulum and retention of the
attachment between visceral and parietal layers of the
inner lamina of the prepuce occurs. The frenulum is a
band of tissue that extends from the ventral tip of the
glans penis to the prepuce. Separation of the penis from
the sheath normally begins at 1 month of age in the bull,
and ends with complete separation by 8 months. When
the frenulum persists there is usually a blood vessel
present in the center of the tissue band comprising the
frenulum. Persistence of the frenulum causes curvature
of the extended penis.
Penile Hematoma.
Rupture of the penis occurred at the
points of attachment of the retractor penis
muscles. Swelling is due to accumulation
of blood. Internal pressure leads to
prolapse of the preputial lining. This is also
referred to as a broken penis.
Multiple Fibropapillomas.
Pedunculated masses can be removed
surgically. Self-immunization via the open
wounds can aid in recovery and regression of
the papillomatous tissue, much like the effect of
an autogenous vaccine prepared from the
excised tissues.
"Granular venereal
disease" is an old term
denoting the presence of
enlarged lymph follicles
on the surface of the
penis and prepuce, in
response to an irritant
which may be infectious
or chemical.
Infectious pustular
balanoposthitis
(IBPP). Lesions on
the penis associated
with bovine herpes
virus infection.
Diphallus.
Congenital diphallus,
a rare duplication of
the glans penis in the
bull. In the vernacular
referred to as "double
dick".
PRUEBA DE CAPACIDAD DE
SERVICIO (PBC)
1.
2.
3.
Medida a travs de :
conducta reproductiva del macho
test de libido
capacidad de monta
1-.CONDUCTA REPRODUCTIVA
Cortejo, busqueda y peleas
3-.CAPACIDAD DE MONTA
ESTA EVALUACIN MIDE LA REAL CAPACIDAD REPRODUCTIVA DE UN TORO
capacidad de monta y eyaculacin
RECOLECCION DE SEMEN
electroeyaculador
RECOLECCION DE SEMEN
CON MANIQUI Y VACA
MUESTRAS DE SEMEN
DESCARTE DE MUESTRAS
Sediment.
Semen sample of a bull
with seminal vesiculitis.
There were very few
spermatozoa in the
sample. The sediment
consisted primarily of
neutrophils.
EVALUACION DE CALIDAD
SEMINAL
Volumen:seobservadirectamentesobreeltubograduado,teniendoen
cuentaqueuntoromayorde2aosdebeteneruneyaculadodenomenos
de4ml.Elvolumenpuedevariarentre2y12ml.
Color:seconsiderannormalesloscoloresquevandelblancoalamarillento,
siendopatolgicos,loscoloresrosado,amarronadoyverdoso.
Densidad:ladensidaddelsemenvaradesdeunsemenacuoso,lechoso,
lechosocremoso,hastauncremoso,estandodirectamenterelacionadaconla
concentracin.
MB=Cremoso,espeso750.000esp/mm3
B=lechoso,400a750.000esp/mm3
R=lecheaguachenta,250a400.000esp/mm3
P=traslucido,menosde250.000esp/mm3
Morfologa:
es la caracterstica aislada ms correlacionada a la
cantidad de terneros que un toro puede engendrar
durante el servicio (Holroyd et al., 2002).
Abnormal Acrosomes.
The spermatozoon
with normal head
shape shows a small
folded area of the
acrosomal ridge. The
other spermatozoon
has a more severe
acrosomal
abnormality.
Acrosomal Cap.
Electromicrographic
image of an
acrosomal cap with
an extended ridge
that resembles a
slightly folded
acrosome on light
microscopy.
Detached Heads.
Coiled Tail (
The tail and
midpiece are
tightly coiled.
ENRROLLADA
Bent Tail (
.
A bent tail is
considered a minor
defect which may
have occurred during
improper handling of
the semen sample.
This abnormality is
sometimes referred to
as a kinked tail or the
distal midpiece reflex.
CURVADA
Sexaje de espermios