TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

TESTING &
DRILLING
INTRODUCTION

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Client
questions:

What is the size of my

reservoir?

How much will it produce?

What fluids are going to
be produce?
Aim of Well
Testing:

Identification of produced
fluids.
Determination of reservoir
deliverability.
Data used to predict
reservoir size

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Well Testing
determines
Production capabilities
Well Testing
determines Reservoir properties
Well testing is the only technique that examines a
significant portion of the reservoir under dynamic
conditions.
Accurate, long-term projections about a reservoir
cannot be made based on wireline and others static
techniques..
Tests on oil or gas wells are performed at various
stages of drilling (after open hole logging),
FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015
completion and production, and for different

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Data acquired when a reservoir is
tested:
Flow rates ; oil, gas, water & solids
Pressure and Temperature , surface &
bottom hole
PVT samples of representative
reservoir fluids , surface and bottom
hole

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Fixed rigs

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Jack up

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August 12, 2015

Land rig

Drilling
Operations

Floating
rigs

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Semi-Submersible

Drilling Operations

Drillship

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Water Depth vs. Rig

Types

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

3 categories of Introduction
well:

Vertical
Deviated
Horizontal
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August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

Land
Rig

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Rig Hoisting System

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling
Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Rig Floor
draw works
dog house
drive
mouse hole
rat hole
Drillers console
V-door ramp

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Rotary
System

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

Rotating
System

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Kelly & Rotary Table drill 1 joint

at a time.

Power swivel drills in stands (3 x

30/2 x 45)
Downhole motor does not
require string rotation.

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling
Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Blow Out
Introduction
Preventers
Main Components
Wellhead Connector
Pipe Rams
Shear Rams
Blind Rams
Annular Preventers
Drilling Valve
Drilling Choke Manifold
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August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

BOP stack

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
BOP stack / Pipe
Rams

Fit a specific pipe

size
Need pipe to make
a seal

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
BOP stack / Shear Rams
Both shears drill pipe and seals
the hole
Capacity to cut through 6-5/8
drill pipe
Emergency equipment

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
BOP stack
HYDRILL : Annular
Preventer
Close/seal on any object in the
wellbore

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Why do we need
a BOP stack ?
Introduction

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

Tubul
ars

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Drilling
Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Rig CirculatingIntroduction
System

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Drilling Fluids
Introduction

The drilling fluid is an essential part of the drilling and

well control system.
It can be either water or oil based
Mud is used to:
- Cool the bit
- Remove cuttings
- Lubricate the bit
- Provides a pressure to overcome that of the
formation
FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

- Makes a mud cake to seal permeable formation

- Operate

Drilling
down
hole motor
Operations

/ turbine

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Mud weights

The mud density is kept at a level to overcome

expected reservoir pressures and keep the well at a
positive overpressure.
It should be not too heavy or it will crack the
formation, resulting in lost circulation

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling
Operations

Casin
g

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Casings start large and
gradually become
smaller
Casing sizes are always
given as Outside
Diameter
The Inner Diameter
depends on the weight

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling Operations

Casin
g

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Liner 5-1/2

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling
Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction

Cement
ing
Cementing is used to fix the casing in place and
provide mechanical strength to the system.
The most essential use of cementing is to seal
one zone from another.
If the cement is found poor, a squeeze has to be
made to repair the deficit.

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling
Operations

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Logging
Logging is a process of obtaining informations
about the formation after the well has been drilled.
A sensor is lowered into the well on the end of an
electrical cable. This provides power and transmits
the data to the surface where it is presented in the
form of a graph against depth.
- resistivity (high) logs show where the
hydrocarbon may be
- porosity logs show porous zones
- sonic and density logs give information
about the rock types

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Introduction
Testing and
Logging
Few logs are useful in Testing operations:
Gamma ray shows shale & clean zones, gives
net & gross pay
Cement bond logs shows how good the cement
is
Corrosion logs shows possible problems inside
& outside casing
Production logs shows flow in the well
CCL shows the casing collars

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
SEISMIC
DRILLING / GEOLOGY
LOGGING
DST / TESTING
PRODUCTION / TESTING

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

TESTING & Drilling

Life of a well Introduction
Surface Seismic consists of making a noise and
listening for the returning reflected signals

FTC-SWT
August 12, 2015

Drilling
Operations