Injection Point Arrangement to

increase Chemicals
Performance
Yulianto Kurniawan

OBJECTIVE
LEARNING
Learn about Affect Injection Point for
Chemicals Performance

Outline

Demulsifier
H2S Scavanger
Compability Between Chemicals
SRB treatment

 Injection Point is an important part for helping Chemicals

Working Effectively
Where suitable point that injection point should be placed ?
Its depend on :
- type of chemicals
- compatibility between chemicals
- Contact Time
- Temperature
- Reaction Condition
* To find suitable injection point we need learn from the theory
and process system and should be implemented by field
Test

Case Study

Demulsifier

Teory
(1) Preventing sludge formation when different oils are commingled in a
flow line
Commingling compositionally distinct oils in a flow line may reduce the
solubility of asphaltenes and/or high-molecular-weight paraffin's in the
commingled oil, resulting in precipitation of these components in the flow line.
If such experiments identify significant risk for formation of organic
precipitates, then additional experiments can identify chemical modifiers
that can be added to the production stream to prevent formation of
organic precipitates by increasing the solubility of asphaltenes and/or
high-molecular-weight paraffin's.
Refer From book : Preventing Sludge and Asphaltene Deposition
(Copyright 1999, OilTracers, L.L.C.)

Lay out PMT OIL

208
F

Rgu GS
JG GS

3600 m
, d = 6'

2200 m
, d = 8'

7700 m
, d = 8'

Simpang
cct

5
1
L#01

100
F

9800 m
,d=
10'

400 m ,
d = 4'

7500 m
,d=
16'

Sungai
P=
500m

Plt GS
Aph GS
Pmt GS

Flow Diagram Aliran Minyak dari Well L#01 sampai Pmt GS

Chemicals Used Rate per 4 Desember 06

Amp

PMT

Rgu

Plt

Jg

Amp#01 = 5

Cct#3 = 5

Rgu GS = 1.5

Plt GS = 1

GS = 2

Amp#06 = 3

Pmt#13 = 12

L#01 = 4

Jrg#33=2

Plt Trunkline = 4
PMT GS = 8
Total Injection : 47.5 GPD ( Wash Tank 1 ) , BOPD = 7000 = 161 ppm

Summarry
1. Demulsifier should be injected before Crude Oil
Form tight emulsion
2. when different oils are commingled in a flow line
will form sludge formation

H2S PROBLEM AT
BKS GC
March 2007

H2S Scavanger
Theory
Reaction of H2S Scavenger with H2S forms water soluble
reaction products, there are no solids to clog up systems
Reaction products thermally stable so the H2S is
permanently removed
H2S scavenger can be used in flow line or towers
H2S scavenger has an excellent cold handling properties
and can be stored outdoors

Implementation of scavenger
technology
Scavenger process #1

Injection of scavenger upstream

the let down station, and removal of the scavenger in the filter separator
The injection point for the scavenger is upstream the choke valve at the letdown
station, to give a good mixing of the scavenger and the gas. The pressure drop at
the choke valve will create small droplets of the scavenger, and this will give a
fast mass transfer of H2S into the droplets which in turn gives a high efficiency of
the scavenger.

Implementation of
scavenger technology
Scavenger process #2

In this process the spent scavenger separated in the filter separator will
contain partly un reacted scavenger and partly scavenger reacted with
H2S.

The spent scavenger will be mixed with fresh scavenger and re-injected
into the pipeline.

Implementation of
scavenger technology
Scavenger process #3

An alternative way to increase the efficiency of the scavenger, if

the residence time is too short, is to install a Framo mixer C100
The use of the Framo mixer will also be preferable if it is not
possible to inject the scavenger upstream the choke valve at the
letdown station. The Framo mixer will transfer the scavenger liquid
to small droplets with a low pressure drop.

Implementation of
scavenger technology
Scavenger process #4

scavanger

In this process H2S Scavenger injected to wet gas released from outlet
separator with H2S.

H2S content at BKS

GC

Sampling : March 8 ,2007

H2S at BKS GC outlet to HCT = 370 ppm
H2S at BKS GC incoming = 370 ppm

BKS GS
1

To HCT

Separator 1
A

2
Separator 2

Separator 5
B

4
Separator 6

GPO

injection point
Sampling point

Injection Rate ( Gpd)

StepNo

Date

inlet Separator 2
( A)

Inlet separator 5
( B)

Outlet
Separator ( C )

Average
H2S (ppm)

370

7.5

330

7.5

320

25

190

12

280

350

BKS GS
1

To HCT

Separator 1
A

2
6

Separator 2

Separator 5
Separator 6

GPO
Sampling point
injection point

Effectiveness of H2S scavenger

Source : SPE no 59765 (held in calgarly ,Alberta Canada, 3-5 April 2000 )

Source : SPE no 71541 (held in New Orlean ,September 30 October 3 2001

BM H2S

34 gr/mol

STP Condition = 1mol = 22.4 Ltr

GAS Produce

= 1.799 MMCF / Day

ppm H2S

= 370 ppm

H2S Produce

= 370 x 1/1000000 x 1000000 ft^3 / day x 1.799

= 666 ft^3 / day
= 666 ft ^3 x ( 3 dm / ft )^3 / day
= 17,972 dm^3 /day
= 17,972 ltr /day
= 17,972 ltr / day x 1/22.4 mol / ltr
= 802 mol /day
= 802 mol x 34 gr/mol / day
= 27,279 gr /day
= 27.28 Kg /day

Consumtion of H2S Scav

= 60.03 Gallon / day

Note:fr SPE no 59765 average 1 gallon H2S Scav to remove 1 pound H2S

H2S concentration as a
function of injection rate
H2S
Concentration
(ppm)

Injectionrate(GPD)
EONstrial

Literature(SPE
No71541)

370

187

25

36

40

45

64

51

73

Summary
1. Injection before separator not effective
2. Injection after separator effective
3. H2S concentration decreases linearly to injection rate
4. H2S Scavenger effective at wet gas regime than
liquid regime

Compatibility
Between Chemicals
Compatibility between SI and CI
Compatibility between CI/SI and OS

Compatibility Between
SI and CI

CI

SI

a. Wrong position
b. Poor distance

Compatibility Effect of
SI and CI on
Scale Inhibition Effectiveness

Sample

% Effectiveness SI
2.6

CI then SI

2.4
2.6
6.1

SI then CI

5.9
6.1
5.2

SI only
5.2

Blank

0.0

Compatibility Effect of SI and CI

on Corrosion Inhibition

If CI injected first, it will react with SI so the effectiveness will decrease

Contact time effect

(SI first then CI)

At lab test, SI need 5 second to react completely

CI Mechanism

Before Treatment CI
CO 2, H 2S

After Treatment CI
CO 2, H 2S,

CIs molecules filming the metallic pipe.

The film protect the pipe from chemical corrosion attack

Which one must be injected first ?

SI ?

CI ?

If CI is the first one :

CI molecules
SI molecules
CI-SI reaction
Crystal CaCO3
SI-CaCO3
CI

SI

Remember : CI just filming the metallic and not react with corrosion chemical, then when
CI molecules meet SI molecules :
1. CI and SI can react and weakening both of their effectiveness.
2. Some molecules of CaCO3 were not treated by SI
3. Some part of metallic pipe not filmed by CI

If SI is the first one :

CI molecules
SI molecules
CI-SI reaction
Crystal CaCO3
SI-CaCO3
SI

CI

Remember : SI react chemically with CaCO3 and destroy its surface , then when
SI-CaCO3 molecules meet CI molecules :
1. SI-CaCO3 not react with CI
2. CI performance not decrease since SI was react to CaCO3

Field result (Blm EOR)

Date

CI content (ppm)

% Decrease

SI off

SI ON

0.60

0.43

40%

Nov 06 (full
2.96
stroke CI &SI)

0.35

85%

Sept 06

CI

SI

Sampling
point

Corr
coupon

How if CI injection
point switch with SI
injection point ?

0.35

0.41

SI

Switch injection point

from CI to SI only gives
little effect since the
distance is too short (< 1
m)

CI

Sampling
point

Corr
coupon

Conclusion for CI
and SI
1. SI and CI react chemically when they
meet each other.
2. SI must be injected first than CI
3. A longer distance between SI and CI
gives a better performance both for
scaling protection & corrosion protection
4. SI should not be over treat, since the
excess of SI will react with CI.

Recommendation on
SI-CI Injection Point
CI SI

SI
WRONG

CI

SI
WRONG

CI
WRONG

SI

CI
CORRECT

SRB Handling

APH GS LAYOUT

H-5

A-7

Injection point

APH GS LAYOUT

H-5

Injection point

Injection point
A-7

Summary
SRB are micro organism , so if SRB killed when
SRB still in small population , SRB will no develop to
large population

Conclusion
Chemicals that works chemically
mechanism should be injected before
chemicals physically that works physically
mechanism
Chemical reaction need enough time to
react completely

Conclusion
Injection Point Arrangement will affect to
Chemicals Performance

Refference
Preventing Sludge and Asphaltene
Deposition (Copyright 1999, OilTracers,
L.L.C.)
SPE no 71541 (held in New Orlean
,September 30 October 3 2001
SPE no 59765 (held in calgarly ,Alberta
Canada, 3-5 April 2000 )

Yulianto Kurniawan
PT Eonchemicals Putra
Gedung Gajah Unit Z, Jl Dr Saharjo No. 111, Tebet, Jakarta Selatan 12810
Phone

: (021) 8308226

Fax

: (021) 8308711

Mobile

: 08127594462

Email

: yulianto.kurniawan@eonchemicals.com