F

E
A
T
S
Y
1

SAFETY ORGANISATION ON IR

Safety Organization on Indian Railway was

created on the recommendations of
Kunzru Committee. Shri Kunzru was the
Chairman of Railway Accident Committee,
1962. It was further strengthened and
expanded on the recommendations of
Wanchoo Committee 1968.
This organization is a multi disciplinary
organization.
2

SAFETY ORGANISATION ON IR
At Boards Level
Chairma
n,
Railway
Board
Member
Traffic

Adviser
Safety

ED/Safety
-I (S&T)

ED/Safety
-II
(Traffic)

Director
Safety-I
(Electrical
)

Director
Safety-II
(Traffic)

Director
Safety-III
(Mech.)

Director
Safety-IV
(Civil)

At Zones Level

CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER

DY.CSO
(TRAFFIC)
SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(TRAFFIC)

DY.CSO
(MECH)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(MECH)

DY.CSO
(ELECT)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(ELECT)

DY.CSO
(ENGG.)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(ENGG.)

DY.CSO
(S&T)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(S & T)

At Divisions Level
SR.DSO / DSO
ADSO
(ONE OR
TWO)
SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(TRAFFIC)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(MECH)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(ELECT)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
(ENGG.)

SAFETY
COUNSELLOR
4
(S & T)

COMMISSIONER OF RAILWAY
SAFETY
(CRS) (1.11.1961)

An independent organization, headquartered at Lucknow

Headed by Chief Commissioner of Railway Safety (CCRS)
Functioning under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
CCRS is assisted by nine CRSs on the railways and they are
deemed to be the custodians of safety on Indian Railways.
Three
functions
namely,
Regulatory,
Inspectorial,
investigating and Advisory.
CRSs regulatory powers area mandatory like investigations
into serious accidents, approval of new lines and other
works affecting passenger movement, approval to new
railway stock and increase in their speed, movement of
oversized consignments, etc.
5

CRS/CCRS may hold a

statutory enquiry if:
The accident is to a train carrying passengers .
If persons in the train or the occupants of a
road vehicle at a level crossing accident , are
either killed or seriously injured,
The estimated value of damage to railway
property exceeding Rs. 2 crores.
He may also hold an enquiry into an accident to
a Ballast or Material train carrying workmen
(Railways or contractors) involving loss of life
or serious injury to its occupants.
He may hold inquiry in to any accident upon his
6
discretion.

Rules for safe Train operation.

1. General Rules.
10.3.2.55

2. Subsidiary
Rules.
3. Station
Working Rules
7

 Framed by the Railway Board on behalf of

Government of India in exercise of the
powers conferred under section 47 of the
Indian railway Act, 1890 (section 60 of the
new Act 1989).

General Rules.

Applicable to all the Zonal Railways in

India and they have statutory power,
hence any violation of these rules shall be
a breach of law.
The Zonal Railways can further restrict the
provision of these rules but can not relax
them.
Framed and issued by Member Traffic ,

Subsidiary Rules.

As General Rules lay down basic principles of

safety hence are not sufficient to deal with the
varying conditions prevailing at different
Railways. These are required to be
supplemented by the rules framed by the
different Zonal Railways.
Subsidiary Rules must not be in contravention of
the provision of General Rules. Subsidiary Rules
are issued by Chief Operations Manager (COM)
9

Station Working Rules.

Framed and issued by the Sr. Divisional Operations Manager (Sr.
Dom) and Sr. Divisional Signal & Telecommunication Engineer (Sr.
DSTE).
Local conditions may vary at individual station. Each Block
Station must be provided with a set of rules known as Station
Working Rules (SWRs).
.
These rules must be read in conjunction with the GRs & SRs.

The train working staff at the station are required to read and
understand these rules thoroughly and also to give their
acknowledgment in the Assurance Register provided for the
purpose.
10

Rule Books..
General & Subsidiary
Rules.
Accident Manual.
Block Working Manual.
Operating Manual
11

Accident Manual
Each railway issues an Accident Manual which lays down the
general instructions such as reporting, classification and
types of accidents, details about relief measures such as
Medical Relief Trains with their composition, location,
maintenance and dispatch to the site of accident,
instructions for rendering assistance to passengers seriously
injured and duties of various officers and staff when an
accident
takes
place.

General guide lines of safety viz. name of

authorities to be informed, payable ex-gratia /
compensation amount, jurisdiction and contact
details of civil authorities & assistance agencies
etc. in case of accident , are given in this manual.
Procedure to order ART / ARME trains , various
types
of
accident
enquires,
their
object,
composition and when such an enquiry is to be
12
conducted by CRS is also laid down in this manual.

Block Working
Manual
The rules and regulations for working trains on single
and double line sections by means of various types of
electrical block instruments are prescribed in this
manual.
Different types of block instruments used on a railway,
method of operation, precautions during maintenance,
training of staff and their proficiency, maintenance of
train passing records and procedure to be followed in
case of failure of Block Instruments are prescribed in
this manual.
13
Issued by Chief Operations Manager of the
Railway .

Operating Manual
This manual contains useful information about the
Operating department including rules and regulations
about marshaling of trains, shunting, movement of overdimensional consignments (ODC), Station Working Rules
(SWRs), details about dangerous sections and ghat
sections.
.
Instructions for movement of explosives and dangerous
goods, inspection carriages, Government mail and
special trains are also given in detail. The
organization, objects and functions of traffic and
14
train control area dealt with in this manual.

Safety of Our
Trains depends
upon proper
functioning
Signals !of

15

3.02. Kinds of Railway signals.The signals to be used for controlling the movement of trains shall bea) fixed signals,

(b) hand signals ,

(c) detonating signals, and

(d) Signals to warn incoming train of

danger ahead

16

TYPES OF SIGNALS
FIXED SIG.

HAND SIG.

CAUTION

WARNER

STOP

DISTANT

WORKING WARNER

INNER DIST

CALLING ON

SHUNT SIG.

SEMAPHORE

DISC TYPE

COLOR LIGHT

APPROACH
HOME

Red flashing
H.S. lamp

SUBSIDIARY

DISTANT SIG.

FIXED WARNER

OUTER

DETONATOR

OTHERS

POSION LIGHT

DESPATCH

ROUTING HOME

CO ACTING

STARTER

REPEATING

ADV. STARTER INT.STARTER

GATE SIGNAL

17

SIDING SIGNAL

FIXED SIGNALS
RECEPTION

OTHER

PERMISSIVE

DESPATCH

STOP

STOP

SUBSIDIARY

18

Semaphore (Arm)
Two Aspect
(Lower Quadrant)

Multiple Aspect
(Upper Quadrant)

Color light
Two Aspect

Multiple
Aspect

19

Definitions

Shimla

Station
means any place on a line of
railway
at which traffic is dealt with, or
at which an authority to
proceed is given under the
Station
system is limits
working;
means the portion of a railway,
which is under the control of a
Station Master
and is situated between the
outermost signals of the station or
as may be specified by special
instructions;

Station limits
20

Classification of Stations

1. Stations shall, for 1.03

these rules, be divided
into two categories block stations and
non block stations.
2. Block stations are those at which the Loco
pilot must obtain an authority to
proceed, under system of working, to enter
the block section with his train; and under
Absolute Block System consist of three classesClass A stations where Line Clear may
not be given for
train unless the line on which
it is intended to receive the train is clear at least
400 meters beyond the Home signal, or upto 21the

Classification of Stations
1.03

Class B stations where Line Clear may be

given for a
train before the line has been
cleared for the reception of the train with in the
station section; and
Class C stations block huts, where Line clear
may not be given for a train, unless the whole of
the last preceding train, has passed complete at
least 400 meters beyond the Home signal and is
continuing its journey. This will also include an
intermediate Block Post.
3. Non block stations or D stations are the
stopping places, which are situated between two
consecutive block stations, and do not form 22the

Classification of Stations
1.03

Class D stations are of two types.A. Those at which there is a siding called,
known as DK stations; and
B. Those at which there is no siding called
flag stations.
. Special Class stations- any stations,
which is not worked under A,B,C or D
class conditions, is termed as special
class station.
23

8/14/15

7.01SYSTEM OF WORKING.
(1)Trains shall be worked on one of the following

system:-

The
The
The
The
The
The

Absolute Block System.

Automatic Block System.
Following Train System.
Pilot Guard System.
Train-staff and ticket System.
one train only System.

(2) The Absolute Block System and Automatic

Block System alone shall be used except , if
any other method as mentioned above , is
sanctioned under special instructions..
24

24

One of geographical
gap approach

8/14/15

Absolute Block System,

of train working.

25

25

8/14/15

SECTION TO BE DEVIDED IN TO,

A. Station Sections.
Under unitary control of concerned Station Master.

B. Block Section.
Under dual control of both adjoining
concerned Station Masters.
26

26

Definitions
Block Section means that portion of
a running line between two block stations
on to which no running train may enter
until Line Clear has been received from
the block station at the other end of the
block section;

Station A

Block
Section

Station B

Definitions
Station section " means that section of
section limits(L/Q D/L)
(1) at a class 'B' station provided with two-aspect
signals , which is included(a) on a double line ,
between the Home signals and the
last Stop signal of the station in either
direction ;
(L/Q S/L)
(b) on a single line ( I) between the Shunting limit boards or
Advanced Starters (if any),or
28

Definitions
(MAUQ/MLQ)
2. At a class 'B' station provided with
manually operated multiple-aspect or
modified lower quadrant signals, which
is included(a)

on a double line -

(I) between the outermost facing points and the

last Stop signal of the station in either
direction, or
(ii)between the Block Section Limits boards,
where provided ,and the last Stop signal of the
station in either direction.
29

Definitions
(MAUQ/MLQ)
(b)on a single line (I) between the Shunting limit Boards
or Advanced starters (if any),or
(ii) between the outermost facing
points , if there are no Shunting
Limits Boards or Advanced Starters.

30

A
A

A
A

Automatic SignalSemi Automatic Signal

(In automatic mode)

A
A

Semi Automatic Signal

(In Manual mode)

HREE ASPECT AUTOMATIC SIGNALLING TERITORY

A

8/14/15

32

Fo Aspe
ur
Automa
ct
tic

Signa
Territ
lling
ory

THE AUTOMATIC BLOCK SYSTEM ..

Essentials.. GR 9.01

A. Double Line

The line shall be provided with continuous track

circuiting or with axle counters.
The line between two adjacent block stations may,
when required, be divided into a series of automatic
block signalling sections each of which is the portion
of the running line between two consecutive Stop
signals, and
The entry into each of which is governed by a Stop
signal, and
8/14/15

34

A.

Double Line

Essentials..

Cont

- The track circuits or axle counters shall so control the Stop

signal governing the entry into an automatic block
signalling section that

(i) the signal shall not assume an 'off' aspect unless the
line is clear not only up to the next Stop signal in advance
but also for an adequate distance beyond it, and

(ii ) the signal is automatically placed to 'on' as soon

as it is passed by the train.
Unless
Unlessotherwise
otherwisedirected
directedby
byapproved
approvedspecial
specialinstructions,
instructions,the
the
adequate
adequatedistance
distanceshall
shallnot
notbe
beless
lessthan
than120
120metres.
metres.
8/14/15

35

A.

Double Line

Essentials..

Cont

Under special instructions, one of the automatic

stop signal between two stations in the automatic territory in
each direction may be made as modified semi-automatic stop
signal;
The mid section modified semi-automatic stop signal will be
interlocked with the signals of the station ahead. Indications
whether the signal is in normal automatic mode or modified
automatic mode shall be available to the SM of both end.
When mid section signal working with A sign extinguished, the
Advance starter signal of the station in rear be taken OFF only
when the line is clear up to an adequate distance beyond the midsection semi-automatic stop signal.
Similarly the mid-section modified semi automatic signal
shall assume OFF aspect automatically or be taken OFF
when the line is clear up to an adequate distance beyond the
Home signal of the station ahead.
GR 9.01(3)

8/14/15

36

9.02

Duties of Driver and Guard

when an automatic Stop signal on is to be

passed at 'on.

When a Driver finds an

Automatic Stop signal with an 'A'
marker at 'on', he shall bring his
train to a stop in the rear of the
signal.
wait
there for one minute by day
and
two minutes by night.
8/14/15

37

Duties of Driver and Guard

to pass Automatic signal at on

Cont.

If after waiting for this period, the signal

continues to remain at 'on',

shall give the prescribed code of whistle (

) and

exchange signals with the Guard and then

.proceed

ahead, as far as the line is clear, towards the

next Stop signal in advance

exercising great caution so as to stop short of any

obstruction.
Bell
BellCode:
Code: 00
00pause
pause00
00Dr
DrtotoGd
Gdand
andack
ackby
byGd
GdtotoDr
Dr00
00pause
pause00
00
8/14/15

38

Duties of Driver and Guard

to pass Automatic signal at on

Cont.

The Guard shall show a Stop hand signal

towards the rear when the train has been so
stopped at an Automatic Stop signal,
Where owing to the curvature of the line, fog,
rain or dust storm, engine working the train
pushing it, or other causes, the line ahead
cannot be seen clearly
- Driver shall proceed at a very slow speed, (not
> 10 kmph).
8/14/15

39

Duties of Driver and Guard

to pass Automatic signal at on

Cont.

Driver, when not accompanied by a Fireman or

an Assistant Driver, may seek the assistance of
the Guard by giving the prescribed code of
whistle
----------0000

When called by the Driver, the

Guard shall accompany him on the
engine cab, before he moves
forward, to assist the Driver in
keeping a sharp look-out.
8/14/15

40

Duties of Driver and Guard

to pass Automatic signal at on
Cont..

When an Automatic Stop signal has been

passed at 'on',

The Driver shall proceed with great caution until

the next Stop signal is reached.

Even if this signal is 'off', the Driver shall

continue to look out for any possible obstruction
short of the same.

He shall proceed cautiously up to that signal and

shall act upon its indication only after he has
reached it.

8/14/15

41

Protection of a train stopped in an

Automatic block signalling section.

When a train is stopped in an

Automatic block signalling
section,
the Guard shall immediately
exhibit
a
Stop
hand
signal
towards the rear and check up
that the tail board or tail light is
correctly
exhibited.
8/14/15
42

Protection of a train stopped in an

Automatic block signaling section. cont

If the stoppage is on account of

accident, failure, or obstruction and the
0000
0000
train cannot proceed, the Driver shall
sound the prescribed code of whistle.
and the train shall be protected
immediately as per GR 6.03 except that for
the protection of the occupied line one
detonator shall be placed at 90 metres from
the train on the way out and similarly two
detonators, 10 metres apart, not less than
180 metres from the train or at such
distances as has been fixed by
special
8/14/15
43

Protection of a train stopped in

an Automatic block signalling section.

10M.

90M.

90M.

600M.

8/14/15

600M.

44

10M.10M

ACCIDENTS AND UNUSUAL OCCURENCES

6.03

PROTECTION IN GENERAL

When a train is stopped between station on account

of accident, failure, obstruction or other exceptional
cause and the Driver finds that his train cannot
proceed,
he shall apprise the Guard of the fact by sounding
the prescribed code of whistle 0000
0000 or through other
means and exchange hand danger signals with him.
The Guard and the Loco pilot shall then immediately
take the following action in the rear and the front

8/14/15

45

6.03

PROTECTION

cont

i. On a Single line section or on a section of

double line or multiple lines when trains
are worked as a single line section.
ii. On a double line section where trains on
the two lines run in the opposite
direction.
iii.On a multiple line section with
unidirectional traffic on the nominated
line.
iv. On section where trains on the adjacent
line/lines run in the both direction.
8/14/15

46

1) On a Single line section or on a section of double

line or multiple lines when trains are worked as
cont
a 6.03
single line section.
. The Guard shall either himself go or send a
competent person back to protect the train; if
the Guard has deputed a competent person to
protect the train, he shall go to Loco Pilot for
consultation.
. The person going back to protect the train shall
continuously show his hand danger signal to stop
any approaching train.
. The detonators shall be placed.One detonator to be placed at 400 meters on the
way out from his
train; and three
detonators, 10 meters apart, not less than 800
meters from his train or at such distance as has
been fixed by special instructions:
Provided that on Broad gauge the first detonator
8/14/15
47
shall
be placed at 600 meters and
the three

PROTECTION

 If a person other than the Guard has gone back

to 6.03
protect the train, he shall continue
to show his
cont
hand danger signal to stop any approaching
train, until he is recalled.
When the Guard has himself gone back to protect
the train, he shall after taking action, depute a
competent person if available, to show a hand
danger signal to stop any approaching train until
he is recalled and shall himself return to his train
to ascertain the cause.
Unless the Guard has succeeded in getting
another competent person to show a hand
danger signal, he shall after consultation with
the Loco Pilot, once again return to the place at
which he has placed three detonators, showing
his hand danger signal to any approaching train
and continue to do so until he is recalled.
When the Guard or the person is recalled he shall
8/14/15
48
leave down the three detonators and his way

PROTECTION

6.03

PROTECTION

cont

ON a section of double or multiple lines, if

assistance has been asked for, or on a
single line section or during temporary
single line working on a double or multiple
lines, the Loco Pilot at once show a
danger signal to the front, and proceed to
protect the train in front, either going
himself or sending his Fireman or some
other competent person; and
Should any train be seen approaching, the
person going to protect the train shall
immediately place the detonators on the
line,
8/14/15 as far away the train as possible.
49

PROTECTION

6.03
cont
ii On a double line section where trains on the two
lines run in the opposite direction.

The loco Pilot shall at once either himself proceed or send his
Assistant Loco Pilot or Fireman or some other competent
person to protect the adjacent line in front. The Guard shall
send a competent person, if available, to protect the train in
rear, and shall himself proceed ahead immediately to assist
and ensure protection of the adjacent line in front .
In case it is not known whether the adjacent line is
obstructed or not, the Loco pilot shall take action to
protect the adjacent line and the Guard shall proceed
towards the engine watching the train carefully. If the Guard
finds that the adjacent line is obstructed, he shall proceed
ahead to assist and ensure protection of the adjacent line.
In case he finds that adjacent line is not obstructed, he shall
after consultation with the Loco Pilot, go back to protect the
train in the rear, if he has not already sent another
8/14/15
50
competent
person for the purpose.

Iii On
multiple
line
section
6.03 a PROTECTION
cont with
unidirectional traffic
on the nominated
line.
When it is obvious that an adjacent line on which
trains normally run in the opposite direction is
obstructed or when it is not known whether any
line is obstructed or not, the Loco pilot shall at
once take action to protect the adjacent line or
lines in manner prescribed above. It is obvious
that an
adjacent line on which the trains
normally run in he direction of the affected train
is obstructed or when it is not known whether any
such line obstructed or not, the Guard shall
immediately protect such adjacent line/lines in
rear
8/14/15
in manner prescribed in clause (i)
51 above.

iii On a multiple line section with unidirectional

traffic
on the
nominated line.Contd.
6.03
cont
If it is obvious that an adjacent line/lines on
which trains normally run in the opposite
direction is obstructed and no line on which
trains run in the direction of the affected train is
obstructed, Guard shall proceed ahead to assist
and ensure protection of the adjacent line/lines
on which trains run in the opposite direction as
per clause (ii) above. If in addition to the line on
which trains run in the direction of the affected
train any other line on which trains normally run
in the opposite direction is also obstructed, the
primary duty of the Guard shall be to protect the
line on which trains normally run in the direction
of the affected train, in the rear. Only after taking
this action shall he proceed ahead to assist and
ensure
protection of the obstructed
adjacent
8/14/15
52
line/lines in front on which trains normally run in

PROTECTION

iv On section where trains on the adjacent

6.03
line/lines
run in the both direction. cont
Unless it is obvious that no adjacent line is
obstructed, the Loco Pilot shall protect the
adjacent line/lines in front and the Guard
shall protect the adjacent line/lines in the
rear in the manner prescribed in clause (i).
Only after taking this action shall the Guard
proceed
ahead
to
assist
and
ensure
protection of the adjacent line/lines, in front.
Protection of line on which the affected train
is standing on section of double/multiple
lines.
Only after protecting the adjacent line/lines
in manner prescribed in clause (ii), (iii) and
(iv) above, shall the action be taken to
8/14/15
53
protect
the line on which the affected
train is

PROTECTION

Action
to
locate
and
remove
the
cause
of
6.03
PROTECTION
cont
stoppage.
Action to locate and rectify any defect
either in the engine or a vehicle or to
remove any other obstruction which
might have caused the stoppage shall be
taken, if practicable, only having assured
that the train has been protected
properly
in
accordance
with
the
procedure laid down above.
Removal of protection from adjacent
lines.
If subsequently, the adjacent line/lines
are found to be free of obstruction , the
protection
may be removed except
where
8/14/15
54

6.03

PROTECTION

cont

In the case of train without a Guard, the

duties of the Guard, as laid down in this
rule, shall devolve on the Loco Pilot or a
railway servant deputed by him.

In the event of any disability of the Loco

Pilot, the duties devolving on the Loco
Pilot, as laid down in these rules shall
devolve on the Guard or on a railway
servant deputed by him.
8/14/15

55

Protection of train in
Absolute Block System

45 M

1220M

1210M.

1200M.

600M.
600M.

1220M

1210M.

1200M.

1200M.

1210M. 1220M.

600M.

600M

1200M.