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Literary
Terms
•
Setting
• The time and place where a story occurs. The setting
can be specific or ambiguous. Also refers directly
to a description thereof. When discussing or
analyzing setting, it is generally insufficient to
merely identify the time and place; an analysis of
setting should include a discussion of its overall
impact on the story and characters.
Point of View
• The identity of the narrative voice; the person or entity
through whom the reader experiences the story.
May be third-person or first person. Point of view is
a commonly misused term; it does NOT refer to the
author’s or character’s feelings, opinions,
perspectives, biases, etc.
Characterization
• The author’s means of conveying to the reader a
character’s personal life history, values, physical
attributes, etc. Also refers directly to a description
thereof.
Theme
• The main idea or message conveyed by the piece. A
theme should generally be expressed as a complete
sentence; an idea expressed by a single word or
fragmentary phrase is usually a motif.
Alliteration
• The repetition of consonant sounds within close
proximity, usually in consecutive words within the
same sentence or line.
Allusion
• A brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or
fictitious, or to a work of art. Casual reference to a
famous historical or literary figure or event. An
allusion may be drawn from history, geography,
literature, or religion.
•
Analogy
• A literary analogy is a comparison in which the subject
is compared point by point to something far
different, usually with the idea of clarifying the
subject by comparing it to something familiar.
Analogies can provide insights and also imply that
the similarities already present between the two
subjects can mean even more similarities. Anne
Bradstreet's "The Author to Her Book" contains an
analogy that compares the book to a child.
Antagonist
• The counterpart to the main character and source of a
story’s main conflict. The person may not be “bad”
or “evil” by any conventional moral standard, but
he/she opposes the protagonist in a significant way.
Aside
• A dramatic device in which a character speaks to the
audience.
Blank Verse
• A non-rhyming piece of poetry, usually written in
iambic pentameter.
•
Climax
• The turning point in a story, at which the end result
becomes inevitable, usually where something
suddenly goes terribly wrong; the “dramatic high
point” of a story.
Comic Relief
• The inclusion of a humorous character, scene or witty
dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to
relieve tension.
Conflict
• A struggle between opposing forces which is the
driving force of a story. The outcome of any story
provides a resolution of the conflict(s); this is what
keeps the reader reading. Conflicts can exist
between individual characters, between groups of
characters, between a character and society, etc.,
and can also be purely abstract.
Couplet
• A pair of lines of verse. It usually consists of two lines
that rhyme and have the same meter
Diction
• Refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive
vocabulary choices and style of expression.
Dramatic Irony
• When the audience or reader is aware of something
important, of which the characters in the story are
NOT aware.
Dramatic Structure
• The structure of a dramatic work such as a play or
film.
•
Epithet
• A word which makes the reader see the object
described in a clearer or sharper light. It is both
exact and imaginative.
Figurative Language
• Any use of language where the intended meaning
differs from the actual literal meaning of the words
themselves. There are many techniques which can
rightly be called figurative language, including
metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification,
onomatopoeia, verbal irony, and oxymoron.
Foreshadowing
DONE
• Where future events in a story, or perhaps the outcome, are
suggested by the author before they happen. Foreshadowing
can take many forms and be accomplished in many ways,
with varying degrees of subtlety. However, if the outcome is
deliberately and explicitly revealed early in the story, such
information does NOT constitute foreshadowing.
•
Metaphor
• A direct relationship where one thing or idea
substitutes for another.
•
Oxymoron
• A contradiction in terms.
•
Personification
• 1-where inanimate objects or abstract concepts
seemingly endowed with human self-awareness;
where human thoughts, actions, perceptions, and
emotions are directly attributed to inanimate
objects or abstract ideas.
2-where an abstract concept, such as a
particular human behavior or a force of nature, is
represented as a person.
• - / - / - / - / - /
•
Pun DONE
• A figure of speech which consists of a deliberate
confusion of similar words or phrases for rhetorical
effect, whether humorous or serious. It can rely on
the assumed equivalency of multiple similar words,
of different shades of meaning of one word, or a
literal meaning with a metaphor. Bad puns are often
considered to be cheesy.
•
Soliloquy
• A literary device often used in drama whereby a
character relates his or her thoughts and feelings
without addressing any of the other characters.
“ To b e , o r n o t to b e : th a t is th e q u e stio n : W h e th e r 'tis n o b le r in th e m in d to su ffe r. T h e
slin g s a n d a rro w s o f o u tra g e o u s fo rtu n e , O r to ta ke a rm s a g a in st a se a o f tro u b le s, A n d
b y o p p o sin g e n d th e m ? To d ie : to sle e p ; N o m o re ; a n d b y a sle e p to sa y w e e n d . T h e
h e a rt-a ch e a n d th e th o u sa n d n a tu ra lsh o cks T h a t fle sh is h e ir to , 'tis a co n su m m a tio n
D e vo u tly to b e w ish 'd . To d ie , to sle e p ; To sle e p : p e rch a n ce to d re a m : a y , th e re 's th e
ru b ; Fo r in th a t sle e p o f d e a th w h a t d re a m s m a y co m e W h e n w e h a ve sh u ffle d o ff th is
m o rta lco il, M u st g ive u s p a u se : th e re 's th e re sp e ct T h a t m a ke s ca la m ity o f so lo n g life ;
Fo r w h o w o u ld b e a r th e w h ip s a n d sco rn s o f tim e , T h e o p p re sso r's w ro n g , th e p ro u d
m a n 's co n tu m e ly , T h e p a n g s o f d e sp ise d lo ve , th e la w 's d e la y , T h e in so le n ce o f o ffice
a n d th e sp u rn s T h a t p a tie n t m e rit o f th e u n w o rth y ta ke s, W h e n h e h im se lf m ig h t h is
q u ie tu s m a ke W ith a b a re b o d kin ? w h o w o u ld fa rd e ls b e a r, To g ru n t a n d sw e a t u n d e r a
w e a ry life , B u t th a t th e d re a d o f so m e th in g a fte r d e a th , T h e u n d isco ve r'd co u n try fro m
w h o se b o u rn N o tra ve lle r re tu rn s, p u zzle s th e w illA n d m a ke s u s ra th e r b e a r th o se ills
w e h a ve T h a n fly to o th e rs th a t w e kn o w n o t o f? T h u s co n scie n ce d o e s m a ke co w a rd s
o f u s a ll; A n d th u s th e n a tive h u e o f re so lu tio n Is sicklie d o 'e r w ith th e p a le ca st o f
th o u g h t, A n d e n te rp rise s o f g re a t p ith a n d m o m e n t W ith th is re g a rd th e ir cu rre n ts tu rn
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Sonnet
• One of the poetic forms that can be found in lyric poetry
from Europe.