BALANCEO DE

MQUINAS
INTRODUCCIN

BENEFICIOS DE LA ALINEACIN DE
PRECISIN
- La vida de los rodamientos se incrementa en un factor de
8 veces.
- El ahorro en el Presupuesto de Mantenimiento es de 7%
- La disponibilidad de la maquina incrementa en un 12%
- Los paros imprevistos debido a la desalineacin se
reducen a la mitad.
- El ahorro de energa se estima en un 11%

BENEFICIOS DEL BALANCEO DE PRECISION

La tolerancia tpica de los fabricantes de mquinas en el balanceo
es de 5 @ 7,6 mm/s de vibracin.
Se recomienda que la tolerancia para el balanceo sean la dadas
por las normas internacionales ISO, API, VDI.
Efectuar balanceos de precisin cuando se repare una mquina.
Balanceo de precisin cuando la mquina sea nueva y antes de
iniciar su servicio.
El balanceo de precisin incrementa de manera significativa la
vida de los sellos y rodamientos.
La vida de los rodamientos se duplica.

Machine vibrations: unbalance vibration

1

Fstat

Fstat

munbalance

Fres3

Fres2

Fres

Fstat

Fstat

Fres4

Fstat

Fdyn

Fdyn vrms

Fdynamic

Fdyn

Fdyn

Fdyn
Fres1

4
3

Fresultierend
Fstatic

Fstatic = mrotor g
Fdynamic = munbalance v

Fres4

Fres1

Fres2

Fres3

mrotor

1 period per revolution

unbalance vibration with 1 fn
swinging load zone

Fres4

2
1

load zone

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

1a)Outboard overhung rotor

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

1b) Integrated drive

direct drive

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

1c)Belt drive

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

1. Impeller unbalance

1d)Inboard rotor

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

2. Coupling unbalance, eccentricity in coupling

- coupling - unbalanced,
one side or both sides, not
half key balanced
-wear in coupling
-look up coupling

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

3. Misalignment

Offset

Measurement locations show vibration causes (1)

3. Misalignment

Angularity

Measurement locations show damage causes (2)

4. Foundation resonance

Measurement locations show damage causes (2)

5. Dependence on direction according to foundation stiffness

Rigid foundation

Measurement locations show damage causes (2)

5. Dependence on direction according to foundation stiffness

Flexible foundation

Eliminate causes before balancing

Dust in medium

Remove caked dust from rotor disk

Missing correction masses

Poor welding, missing screws
Replace, secure well

Unbalanced coupling

After remounting
Balance coupling with half feather key

Warped rotor disk seat

Following transport damages
Rework, replace

Loose and scewed hub seat

Unbalanced belt disk

After remounting
Check smooth run and seat, rebalance if required

Temporary thermal deformation

4a

Due to process temperature ( exceeded ? )

Check process control
Rotor disk construction 12

10

4b

Blade tears

Usually on radial disks

Replacement or rewelding by manufacturer

Incorrect axial blade assembly

2
3

6
5

Diametrically opposing blades should have equal

masses and tilting moments
Remount blades properly

Improper paint job

11

Dust in medium
Wear and tear of blades in rotor disk; re-armour
radial disk, exchange axial blades

One-off thermal deformation

Due to process temperature ( exceeded ? ) during
installation or damage due to heat/cold
Check process control

After mounting, loosen radial disk or screws.

During operation, caution when using Taper lock or
braced adapted sleeves
Remount properly

Paint coat thickness not uniform

Balance

Deformation due to centrifugal force

12

Overspeed - permanently deformed

Unstable impeller - snaps due to warping
e.g. radial impeller blades are fixed and temporaly
warped
Exchange rotor
Rework impeller construction

Balancing condition: a quality process

Construction

Manufacture
r

Define appropriate fits

Narrow tolerances in sheet

metal or cast thickness

Define appropriate
tolerances

Take into account welding

order of blades

Construct for balancing in

manufacturing, assembling
maintaining
anti-cake impeller types

Optimize welding equipment

and procedure to minimize
warping

Protection against wear and

tear

Assembly

Production technology

System installation/Repair

Optimize casting procedure

to minimize warping and
tolerances

Operation

Operator

Rotor production
Balance according to ISO
Concentric run according to
drawing
Axial play according to drawing
Sufficient balancing speed
Blades: re-turn outer radius
Difference in fit: balancing
shaft/shaft
impeller seat - impeller hub
tolerances
Non-uniform paint coat
thickness

Service and maintenance

30

April

Repair
Proper assembly: impeller seat
Correct position: bore reference circles, rotor disk
seat, especially for withdrawal sleeves
Field balancing with operation condition (warm), for
large blowers after assembly or if components
exchange

Warping after high temperature or rapid

temperature change
Caking of dust
Material wear and tear
Unstable impeller type
Material inclusions in hub body ( axial impeller)

Cleaning intervals after soiling

Monitor wear and tear, exchange disk if nec.
Balancing after component exchange
Repair of rotor according to manufacturer
specifications
Loose base screws / foundation tears
Bearing damage, bearing fault

Balancing condition: a quality process

1. Construction
Define appropriate fits
Define appropriate tolerances
Construct for balancing in manufacturing,
assembling maintaining
anti-cake impeller types
Protection against wear and tear

Balancing condition: a quality process

Production technology

Manufacturer

Narrow tolerances in
sheet metal or cast
thickness
Take into account
welding order of blades
Optimize welding
equipment and procedure
to minimize warping
Optimize casting
procedure to minimize
warping and tolerances

Rotor production

Balance according to ISO

Concentric run according
to drawing
Axial play according to
drawing
Sufficient balancing speed
Blades: re-turn outer
radius
Difference in fit: balancing
shaft/shaft
impeller seat - impeller hub
tolerances
Non-uniform paint coat
thickness

Balancing condition: a quality process

Assembly

System installation/Repair

Proper assembly: impeller seat

Correct position: bore reference circles, rotor disk seat, especially for
withdrawal sleeves
Field balancing with operation condition (warm), for large blowers after
assembly or if components exchange

Balancing condition: a quality process

Operation

Operator

Service and maintenance

30
April

Repair

Warping after high temperature or

rapid temperature change
Caking of dust
Material wear and tear
Unstable impeller type
Material inclusions in hub body
( axial impeller)

Cleaning intervals after soiling

Monitor wear and tear, exchange disk if
nec.
Balancing after component exchange
Repair of rotor according to
manufacturer specifications
Loose base screws / foundation tears
Bearing damage, bearing fault