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Quality Control
Nate Herbst
Southern Ute Indian Tribe
Intro to QA/QC
Getting good data requires many different
steps
Data quality objectives (DQOs) developed
DQOs for ozone being developed
Measurement quality objectives (MQOs) for ozone exist
Identify decision
What decision will be made with data?
Define boundaries
What are study area boundaries?
3
DQOs
(cont.)
Diagram of
DQO steps
(Diagram courtesy of
U.S. Department of
Energy DQO
homepage)
Measurement Quality
Objectives (MQOs)
Thanks to
Melinda RoncaBatista (ITEP)
MQOs (cont.)
Transfer standard re-certification to primary
std.dev 1.5%
Local primary standard certification 5% of
reference
EPA reference photometer regression slope 1.00
0.01
Zero air free of O3 and anything that might react
with O3
MQOs (cont.)
Ozone analyzer calibration
Z/S check zero 10ppb, span 15%
5pt calibration linearity error 5%
Documentation
Document everything!!!
Documentation in
Logbooks
Site folders
QA/QC field forms
Anywhere else you think is appropriate
Documentation (cont.)
Document repairs, checks, fine tunes
Document site conditions
Document everything that could ever be
important
Write only in pen (black if possible)
Cross out errors with a single line
11
Linearity
Slope = rise over
run
m = slope
b = intercept (where
y=x
6
5
4
3
Y axis
2
1
0
0
y=x
R2 = 1
b
2
X axis
m
4
y = mx+b
14
12
y = 2.0829x + 1.9095
10
R2 = 0.997
8
6
4
Y axis
2
0
0
2 X axis
r2 close to 1 shows
correlation
12
Instrument Calibration
Measurements require point of reference
Measurement without standard is impossible
Calibration involves setting instrument to known
level
Calibrations performed fairly regularly
When monitoring is begun
When repairs or maintenance are performed
When precision checks or audits show need
Calibrations (cont.)
Calibration = setting analyzer to standard
Data only good within linear range (~0-0.400ppm)
Pre-Calibration Check
5pt check
0.500
0.400
0.300
y = 1.1368x + 0.0203
R2 = 0.98
0.200
0.100
Analyzer
0.000
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
Standard
0.400
0.500
Standard
Analyzer
% dif.
0.000
0.000
0.0
0.080
0.100
-25.0
0.150
0.220
-46.7
0.250
0.340
-36.0
0.350
0.400
-14.3
0.400
0.460
-15.0
Not always
necessary
Can do 5-pt check
Analyzer must be
calibrated
The r2 value and %
differences for each
point are
unacceptable
15
Instrument Calibration
Calibrate instrument to the standard
Use calibration point near URL
Setting low produces large error at URL
16
y = 1.0145x - 0.0006
R2 = 0.9997
0.000
Analyzer
0.000
0.100
0.200 0.300
Standard
0.400
0.500
Standard
Analyzer
% dif.
0.000
0.000
0.0
0.080
0.081
-1.3
0.150
0.153
-2.0
0.250
0.248
0.8
0.350
0.354
-1.1
0.400
0.408
-2.0
Is analyzer response
within 7% at each
point?
Would you put this
analyzer online?
17
QC (cont.)
Level 1: 40 CFR, Pt. 58, App. A, Table A-1
defines ozone verification requirements (for
SLAMS)
Biweekly response check between 0.08 and 0.1
ppm
Comparison between analyzer and standard
Determines repeatability
19
QA (cont.)
40 CFR, Pt. 58, App. A, Table A-1 defines
ozone audit requirements (for SLAMS)
Annual (and other) response checks at multiple
points
0.03-0.08 ppm
0.15-0.2 ppm
0.35-0.45 ppm
21
QA (cont.)
Different types of audits
By reporting organization (RO) certified by
RO
By RO certified by other than RO
By other than RO certified by other than
RO
22
23
Siting Criteria
Data quality depends on correct siting of all
instrumentation
Specific instrument siting guidelines
Following guidelines is vital part of quality
assurance and control
Well learn more about these guidelines in the
next presentation
24
Summary
Establish DQOs
Develop QAPP
Get it approved by EPA