Pmec Manual Part1

Page 1
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
future with socially
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
holistically develop
socially responsible
technical experts,
leaders and managers
of industry and in
particular, the electric
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
within a total learning
ambiance.
Page 2
GENERAL DEFINITION:
TRANSFORMER IS A DEVICE THAT TRANSFERS ELECTRICAL
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
ENERGY FROM ONE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT TO ANOTHER

WITHOUT A CHANGE IN FREQUENCY, DOES SO BY THE
PRINCIPLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND HAS
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS THAT ARE LINKED BY A COMMON
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT.
Page 3
NEMA AND IIEE TRANSFORMER CLASSIFICATION
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1. DISTRIBUTION TYPE - BETWEEN 3 AND 5OO KVA AND A

NETWORK TRANSFORMER
2. POWER TYPE - ANY RATING ABOVE 500 KVA

EXCEPT NETWORK TRANSFORMERS
Page 4
BASIC TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS AS DEFINED

BY ANSI OR NEMA
1. OIL FILLED
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
2. NON-FLAMMABLE INSULATING LIQUID FILLED

3. DRY TYPE
4. GAS FILLED
BASIC TYPES ACCORDING TO CONSTRUCTION
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1. SHELL TYPE
2. CORE TYPE
Page 5
WHEN SPECUFYING A TRANSFORMER FOR A PARTICULAR
APPLICATION, THE ENGINEER MUST CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. KVA RATING
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
2. NUMBER OF PHASES
3. FREQUENCY
4. INDOOR OR OUTDOOR SERVICE
5. VOLTAGE RATINGS
6. VOLTAGE TAPS
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
7. WINDING CONNECTIONS
8. TYPE OF COOLING
9. BASIC IMPULSE INSULATION LEVEL (BIL)
10. EFFICIENCY
11. GROUNDING REQUIREMENT
12. ACCESSORIES
Page 6
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
POWER TRANSFORMER ACCESSORIES
Page 7
METHODS OF POWER TRANSFORMER COOLING SYSTEM
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
PROVISION OF:
1. RADIATORS
2. COOLING FANS
3. OIL PUMP (FOR OIL CIRCULATION)
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
TYPES OF CONSERVATOR OIL PRESERVATION SYSTEM
Page 8
1. DIAPHRAGM TYPE
2. AIR BAG/AIR CELL/ATMOSEAL TYPE
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
ADVANTAGES OF CONSERVATOR TYPE OIL PRESERVATION SYSTEM

1. MAINTAINS HIGH DIELELCTRIC INTEGRITY OF OIL
2. POSITIVE STATIC PRESSURE ON UNIT AT ALL TIMES
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
3. REDUCED MAINTENANCE
AIR BAG TYPE CONSERVATOR
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 9
Page 10
TEMPERATURE INDICATORS
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1. WINDING TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
2. INSULATING OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
Page 11
BUCHOLZ RELAY
THE BUCHOLZ RELAY SUPERVISES THE FOLLOWING:
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
1. GAS FORMATION DUE TO INTERNAL INCIPIENT FAULTS

2. LOSS OF OIL
3. PRESSURE SURGE
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
4. SUDDEN OIL FLOW
Page 12
BUCHOLZ RELAY
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 13
BUCHOLZ RELAY COMPONENTS
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1 - FLOAT (FOR ALARM)
10 - FLOAT (FOR TRIP)
Page 14
BUCHOLZ RELAY FUNCTIONS
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1 - GAS ACCUMULATION
GASES MOVE TO THE TOP AND ACCUMULATES
IN THE BUCHOLZ RELAY, DISPLACES THE
LIQUID LEVEL UNTIL THE ALARM FLOAT
SLIDES THE PERMANENT MAGNET TO
OPERATE THE ALARM CONTACT.
2- LOSS OF INSULATION LIQUID
THE UPPER FLOAT MOVES DOWN
ACCORDING TO THE FALLING
LIQUID LEVEL AND INTITIATES THE
ALARM CONTACT.
3 - SUDDEN FLOW OF INSULATION LIQUID
IF THE FLOW VELOCITY EXCEEDS THE
RESPONSIVENESS OF DAMPER, THE
DAMPER MOVES ABRUPTLY FORCING THE
LOWER FLOAT TO OPERATE THE TRIP
CONTACT
Page 15
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
A SPRING LOADED DEVICE THAT RELEASES THE

THE INTERNAL PRESSURE SURGE IF VERY HIGH ENERGY
ARC DISCHARGING OCCURS INSIDE THE UNIT UNDER
PROTECTION.
HAS TRIP CONTACTS THAT ISOLATES THE TRANSFORMER
IN THE EVENT THE SET OPERATING PRESSURE IS REACHED.
Page 16
PARTS OF A PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 17
BREATHER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
CONNECTED TO THE CONSERVATOR AND FILLED WITH

SILICA GEL THAT TRAPS AND PREVENTS MOISTURE TO
CONTAMINATE THE INSULATING OIL DURING THE NORMAL
CONTRACTION AND EXPANSION OF THE OIL
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
ON LOAD TAP CHANGER (OLTC)
Page 18
OLTCS WERE INTRODUCED TO THE TRANSFORMERS TO

CHANGE UNDER LOAD THE TURNS RATIO OF THE WINDINGS
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
TO CONTROL AND REGULATE THE UTILIZATION VOLTAGE
BASIC ARRANGEMENTS OF TAPPED WINDINGS

1. LINEAR - APPLIED TO A MODERATE REGULATING RANGE UP
TO A MAXIMUM OF 20%
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
2. REVERSING - TAPPED WINGDING CAN BE ADDED OR SUBTRACTED

FROM THE MAIN WINDING IN WHCH CASE THE
REGULATING RANGE CAN BE ENLARGED OR THE
NU MBER OF TAPS ON THE TAPPED WINDING REDUCED.
3. COARSE/FINE - ADVANTAGE IS LOWER COPPER LOSSES AT THE MINIMUM
NUMBER OF TURN TAP POSITION. THIS SCHEME ALLOWS LARGE
REGULATING RANGES.
Page 19
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
OPERATING SEQUENCE OF TAP SELECTOR AND

DIVERTER SWITCH
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 20
Page 21
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 22
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER
Page 23
DEFINITION:
AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE CAPABLE OF:
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
1. CARRYING NORMAL LOAD CURRENT TO WHICH IT IS DESIGNED

2. MAKING AND BREAKING NORMAL LOAD CURRENT
(CAPABLE OF MULTIPLE INTERRUPTION OF NORMAL
LAOD CURRENT)
3. INTERRUPTING RATED FAULT CURRENT TO WHICH IT IS DESIGNED
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
(CAPABLE OF MULTIPLE INTERRUPTION OF

RATED FAULT CURRENT)
4. WITHSTANDING MOMENTARY FAULT CURRENT
Page 24
MAIN FUNCTIONS/PURPOSES OF POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
1. INTERRUPT FAULT CURRENT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE

Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
2. ISOLATE AFFECTED CIRCUITS TO MINIMIZE DAMAGE TO OTHER

EQUIPMENT
3. ENSURES CONTINUITY OF SERVICE
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 25
TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ARC QUENCHING MEDIUM
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1. OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER (OCB)

2. AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER (ACB)
3. GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER (GCB)
4. VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER (VCB)
Page 26
TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO OPERATING MECHANISM
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1. MAGNETIC OR MAGNEBLAST
2. PNEUMATIC
3. SPRING OPERATED
4. HYDRAULIC
METHODS OF ARC DISTINGUISHING
Page 27
1. OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
A. COOLING THE ARC BY PUMPING OIL INSIDE THE INTERRUPTER

B. ABSORBS HEAT BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE ARC
C. GOOD INSULATING MEDIUM WHICH PREVENTS RESTRIKING
OF INTERRUPTED CURRENT
2. AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER
A. BLOWING OF AIR TO THE ARC TOWARDS THE ARC CHUTES
3. GAS CIRCUUIT BREAKER
A. PUFFING SF6 GAS TO THE INTERRUPTER AND ABSORBING HEAT
BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE ARC.
B. HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF SULFUR HEXAFLOURIDE (SF6)
PREVENTS RESTRIKING OF INTERRUPTED CURRENT.
4. VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
A. AIR WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO ARC PRODUCTION IS ABSENT,
THUS NO ARC IS PRODUCED DURING CURRENT INTERRUPTION.
Page 28
CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES REQUIRED

FOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS
ARC EXTINGUISHING MEDIUMS
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
A. CAPABLE OF EXTINGUISHING ARC BROUGHT ABOUT BY

NORMAL OR FAULT CURRENT INTERRUPTION
B. MINIMIZE OR ELIMINATE ARC PRODUCTION DURING FAULT
CURRENT INTERRUPTION.
C. CAPABLE OF ABSORBING HEAT.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
D. CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING RECOVERY VOLTAGE AFTER

FAULT INTERRUPTION
Page 29
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
SMPLE OF A TYPCIAL
WITHDRAWABLE TYPE
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER
COMPARISON OF POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS

A. OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
ADVANTAGES:
1. RECOMMENDED FOR LARGE CURRENT INTERRUPTION
2. INSULATING MEDIUM IS RECLAIMABLE.
3. HAS LITTLE CURRENT CHOPPING TENDENCY
4. REQUIRES LESS MAINTENACE TIME FOR MAJOR SERVICING
DISADVANTAGES:
1. INSULATING MEDIUM DETERIOTES EASILY
2. REQUIRES REGULAR MAINTENANCE
3. USUALLY REQUIRES LARGE TANK VOLUME AS COMPARED TO
GCBS AND VCBS.
4. WITH SHORTER CONTACT LIFE
5. DANGER OF FIRE OR OF AN EXPLOSION IS PRESENT BECAUSE
INSULATING OIL IS FLAMMABLE AT CERTAIN TEMPERATURES
6. REQUIRES A LARGE AMOUNT OF FORCE TO OPERATE BECAUSE
DISTANCE REQUIREMENT OF CONTACTS.
Page 30
Page 31
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
TYPICAL COMPONENTS
OF AN OIL CIRCUIT
BREAKER
Page 32
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 33
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

INTERRUPTER
Page 34
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
B. GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

ADVANTAGES:
1. REQUIRES SMALLER TANK MODULE TO INSULATE LIVE PARTS
2. HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF SF6 GAS PREVENTS RESTRIKING
VOLTGE DURING FAULT INTERRUPTION
3. REQUIRES LESS MAINTENANCE COMPARED TO OCBS
4. DETERIORATION OF SF6 GAS DUE TO ARC QUENCHING
IS NEGLIBLE
5. GOOD FOR CAPACITIVE SWITCHING DUE TO FAST RECOVERY
OF DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF SF6 GAS
6. GOOD FOR INDUCTIVE SWITCHING DUE TO MINIMAL TENDENCY
IN CURRENT CHOPPING.
7. CONTACT LIFE IS MORE THAN FOUR TIMES THAN IN OIL CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
8. SF6 GAS IS NON-TOXIC AND NON-COMBUSTIBLE IN ITS
PURE STATE
9. SF6 GAS IS RECLAIMABLE THROUGH THE GAS RETRIEVING MACHINE
Page 35

A. GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. COST OF SF6 GAS IS VERY EXPENSIVE
2. HARD TO DETECT SF6 GAS LEAKS
3. MAINTENANCE OF SF6 GAS PRESSURE IS REUIRED INSIDE THE
MODULE IS REQUIRED TO BE OPERATIONAL
4. REQUIRES LONGER MAINTENANCE TIME FOR MAJOR SERVICING
(VACUUM DRYING OF MODULE IS NECESSARY TO ENSURE NO
MOISTURE BUILD UP INSIDE THE MODULE)
5. GAS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS PRODUCED DURING ARC
DISCHARGE IS HARMFUL.
Page 36
SAMPLE OUTLINE OF A PNEUMATIC GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 37
TYPICAL PARTS OF A GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 38
GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER SF6 PUFFER INTERRUPTER
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 39
CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFUR HEXAFLOURIDE (SF6) GAS

1. OUTSTANDING ARC QUENCHING PROPERTY
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
2. CAN REBOUND TO SAME DIELECTRIC STRENGTH IN A VERY

SHORT TIME
3. BASICALLY ODORLESS, COLORLESS AND NON-TOXIC
4. NON-FLAMMABLE
5. INERT GAS; THERMALLY AND CHEMICALLY VERY STABLE
6. HAS A VERY HIGH DIELECTRIC STRENGTH ( CAN INSULATE TO
APPROXIMATELY 200kV/in)
7. FIVE TIMES MORE HEAVIER THAN AIR
Page 40

C. VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
ADVANTAGES:
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
1. CONSTANT DIELECTRIC STRENGTH BECAUSE THERE IS

NO GA DECOMPOSITION
2. CONTACT WEAR IS MINIMAL BECAUSE CONTACTS DONT
OXIDIZE IN VACUUM
3. HIGH TOTAL CURRENT SWITCHED - 30,000 TIMES FOR
NORMAL CURRENT INTERRUPTION
4. ECONOMICAL
5. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT IS VERY MINIMAL. ONLY THE
CONTACT RESISTANCE AND INTEGRITY OF THE VACUUM
IS TO BE MONITORED.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. LEAK OF VACUUM IS VERY HARD TO DETECT IF BREAKER IS CLOSED
2. REPLACEMENT OF VACUUM BOTTLE USUALLY REQUIRES AN
EXPERT BECAUSE OF FACTORY CLEARANCE CONCERNS
Page 41
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 42
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
VACUUM
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
(WITHDRAWABLE
TYPE)
Page 43
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
CUTAWAY VIEW
OF A VACUUM
CIRCUIT BREAKER
Page 44
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
SWITCHGEARS
CONVENTINAL SUBSTATION
Page 45
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 46
GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 47
COMBINED DISCONNECTOR AND EARTHING SWITCH
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 48
SEQUENCE OF SF6 GAS ARC QUENCHING
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 49
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 50
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 51
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
Page 52
Our Vision
We are the premier
development center
creating a brighter
responsible
technical experts,
leaders and
managers.
Our Mission
We are committed to
technical experts,
of industry and in
power sector.
We provide creative
training solutions
ambiance.
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Page 1

ENERGY FROM ONE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT TO ANOTHER

NEMA AND IIEE TRANSFORMER CLASSIFICATION

1. DISTRIBUTION TYPE - BETWEEN 3 AND 5OO KVA AND A

2. POWER TYPE - ANY RATING ABOVE 500 KVA

BASIC TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS AS DEFINED

2. NON-FLAMMABLE INSULATING LIQUID FILLED

POWER TRANSFORMER ACCESSORIES

METHODS OF POWER TRANSFORMER COOLING SYSTEM

TYPES OF CONSERVATOR OIL PRESERVATION SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF CONSERVATOR TYPE OIL PRESERVATION SYSTEM

AIR BAG TYPE CONSERVATOR

1. WINDING TEMPERATURE INDICATOR

2. INSULATING OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR

1. GAS FORMATION DUE TO INTERNAL INCIPIENT FAULTS

4. SUDDEN OIL FLOW

BUCHOLZ RELAY COMPONENTS

1 - FLOAT (FOR ALARM)

10 - FLOAT (FOR TRIP)

BUCHOLZ RELAY FUNCTIONS

PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE

A SPRING LOADED DEVICE THAT RELEASES THE

PARTS OF A PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE

CONNECTED TO THE CONSERVATOR AND FILLED WITH

ON LOAD TAP CHANGER (OLTC)

OLTCS WERE INTRODUCED TO THE TRANSFORMERS TO

TO CONTROL AND REGULATE THE UTILIZATION VOLTAGE

BASIC ARRANGEMENTS OF TAPPED WINDINGS

2. REVERSING - TAPPED WINGDING CAN BE ADDED OR SUBTRACTED

OPERATING SEQUENCE OF TAP SELECTOR AND

POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS

POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER

1. CARRYING NORMAL LOAD CURRENT TO WHICH IT IS DESIGNED

(CAPABLE OF MULTIPLE INTERRUPTION OF

MAIN FUNCTIONS/PURPOSES OF POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS

1. INTERRUPT FAULT CURRENT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE

2. ISOLATE AFFECTED CIRCUITS TO MINIMIZE DAMAGE TO OTHER

TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

1. OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER (OCB)

TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

METHODS OF ARC DISTINGUISHING

1. OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

A. COOLING THE ARC BY PUMPING OIL INSIDE THE INTERRUPTER

CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES REQUIRED

A. CAPABLE OF EXTINGUISHING ARC BROUGHT ABOUT BY

D. CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING RECOVERY VOLTAGE AFTER

AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER

COMPARISON OF POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS

OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

B. GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

COMPARISON OF POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS

SAMPLE OUTLINE OF A PNEUMATIC GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

TYPICAL PARTS OF A GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER SF6 PUFFER INTERRUPTER

CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFUR HEXAFLOURIDE (SF6) GAS

2. CAN REBOUND TO SAME DIELECTRIC STRENGTH IN A VERY

COMPARISON OF POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS

1. CONSTANT DIELECTRIC STRENGTH BECAUSE THERE IS

GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW

COMBINED DISCONNECTOR AND EARTHING SWITCH

SEQUENCE OF SF6 GAS ARC QUENCHING

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