A Methodology for Power Quality

Evaluation in
Distribution Network with Distributed
Generation
A Methodology for Power Quality Evaluation in Distribution Network with Distributed Generation; Gengyin Li, Member, IEEE, Zhe
Zhang, Xiang Li, Song Wang, and Ming Zhou, Member, IEEE 2010 : 978-1-4244-8081-4
Pranjal Pragya Verma EE14D405
PSRVRSS Vidyasagar EE14D030

Contents

Introduction

Conventional Ways for Power quality evaluation

Proposal

Evaluation Procedure

Projection Pursuit method

Selection of Power Quality index and ranking

Formation of Projection object function

Case analysis of projection pursuit method

Comprehensive evaluation

Conclusion

Introduction

The world is moving towards renewable sources of energy and

distributed generation is a result of high utilization of this.

High penetration of DG is a big project in power industry now.

Since renewable energy sources are not reliable unstable DG

characteristic are inevitable.

Inconstant power output troubles power supply to the customers.

A complete evaluation indicating effect of DG on power feeders need to

be established.

Conventional Ways for Power quality

evaluation

Fuzzy synthetic appraisal

Analytic hierarchy process

Probability and mathematic statistic

Vector algebra

Matter-element method

Limitations:

Usually approximate reflection of the whole area

Effected by some factitious factor often operated manually in steps

Proposal

A practical method is discussed that be used to solve the overall

evaluation of the impacts on power quality in a distribution system
influenced by the distributed generation

In the first part, an objective function will be modeled in order to

evaluate the distributed generators in each feeder intelligently, divided
in different energy forms.

Then in the rest part, the results obtained formerly will be given in
different weight using the eigenvalue weighted method.

Finally, the overall evaluation of impacts on each feeder by different

distributed generators will be derived without any manually influential
factor.

Evaluation Procedure

Projection Pursuit method (Friedman)

The key mind of projection pursuit method is how to synthesize the multiple
variables into the single field.

In the arithmetical process, it is the course that makes the data in a high
dimension (at least more than 4) project into the low dimension (usually 1 to 3).

Via the observation and analysis of the data distribution figures in the low
dimension, judge the best direction of projection and obtain the feature of the
data in the high dimension.

And then try to establish the projection function in order to master the input
and output of the original complex system.

Therefore, the critical steps are mainly focusing on the formation of the
projection index function, the selection of the optimization approach, and the
creation of the mathematic models

Projection Pursuit method

Selection of Power Quality index and

ranking

Formation of Projection object

function

In specific, according to Table I, some of the indices will be distilled

stochastically, forming into the sample set <(x(i, j), y(i))>, in which x(i,
j) is the set of single power quality indices and y(i) is the relative
evaluation grades, while i is the number of the samples and j is the
number of the indices.

After that, the set of projection values in one dimension can be formed
as

where a is the set of the projection direction then, we can establish the
projection function f(a)

Formation of Projection object

function

Where the Ez and Ey are the respective average value of z(i) and y(i). Sz
is the standard deviation of z(i) and Rzy is the relative coefficient.

So we will evaluate the projection direction via determining the

maximum value a* of the projection object function

Case analysis of projection pursuit

method

A . Creation of projection indices

i=100; j=6;

In each grade the numbers are stochastically generated.

B. Establishing Projection object function and its optimized solution

As this function is a type of nonlinear constricted optimization, it is not

convenient to process with genetic algorithm approach. Thus, the direct
search method is the best approach in this case, which is realized by the
pattern search tool in Matlab.

In this studying case, as the toolbox is set to derive the minimum value of the
objective function, thus the objective function will be selected as -f(a) to
obtain the maximum value of f(a).

Case analysis of projection pursuit

method

Case analysis of projection pursuit

method

we can observe the value changed in each iteration that finally the
curve of the function value is converged to -0.42.

Meanwhile, the optimal point of the solution, which is also the optimal
projection direction, will be found: a*= [0.2147, 0.0976, 0.0985, 0.3011,
0.2592, 0.0312].

From the result, we can find that the x1, x4 and x5 is more weighted to
the comprehensive evaluation.

C. Grades divided by the projection model

Taking the result of the optimal projection direction got in the previous section
into, the normalized sample set will be obtained, which is shown below in the
scatter point figure.

Case analysis

We select the testing data in the connection site of PV arrays on Feeder

A.

The power quality indices listed in Table I (x1, x2, x3 x4 x5 and x6) are
respectively 9.412, 1.243, 1.016, 4.124, 2.853, and 0.206.

The projection index can be derived to be 1.625 making it grade 7.

Comprehensive evaluation

The basic mind is to establish a comparison and judgment matrix in

reflecting the actual situation, so that make a complete and
comprehensive judgment and evaluation

Comprehensive evaluation

Utilizing the geometry average method, the non-zero eigenvalue and its
corresponding eigenvector can be derived, which are respectively: 3 and
[0.467, 0.382, 0.377].

The eigenvalue weight, =[0.467, 0.382, 0.377], is just the eigenvector.

It can be found that the result of the evaluated grade by the projection
pursuit method will be more weight, which will be much concerned.

Thus, the comprehensive grade of Feeder A can be calculated via the

approach of eigenvalue weighted.

Comprehensive evaluation

Conclusion

In this paper, the projection pursuit method has been applied to

evaluate the power quality in distribution network with the distributed
generators in different forms of renewable energy resources.

It provides a basic mind to develop and regulate the distributed

generations by evaluating their impacts on power quality.

References

A Methodology for Power Quality Evaluation in Distribution Network with

Distributed Generation; Gengyin Li, Member, IEEE, Zhe Zhang, Xiang Li,
Song Wang, and Ming Zhou, Member, IEEE 2010