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COURSE SEMINAR
IN
SOIL ENGINEERING-I (CE-631)
Prepared by
TULIKA BOSE
ROLL NO:143040018
CONTENTS
What is a foundation?
Types of foundations
Factors affecting choice of
foundation
Shallow foundations
Design of shallow foundations
Combined Piled Raft Foundations
2
Fig1 :
(www.wikipedia.com)
Types of Foundation
Shallow foundations
Deep foundations
Hybrid foundations
4
Construction schedule
Construction risks
6
Shallow Foundation
Shallow foundations are those which
transmit the structural loads at the
near surface soil and are constructed
relatively close to the finished ground
level; where the founding depth (Df) is
less than the width(B) of the footing.
ADVANTAGES
Cost effective solution
if the subsoil is of
sufficient strength to
cater to the imposed
loads
DISADVANTAGES
Settlement is high
especially if the subsoil
is a highly
compressible layer
It poses problems
where Irregular ground
profile is present
Combined
foundation
Raft
foundation
DESIGN OF
SHALLOW
FOUNDATIONS
GEOTECHNICAL
DESIGN
STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
10
P
G.S.L
i. Df =?
ii. d =?
iii. B =?
iv. L =?
v. As=?
Df
BXL
B
L
Fig
2(www.wikipedia.com)11
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
a) d =?
b)As =?
13
of the
15
DEPTH OF FOUNDATION
1. Mechanical consideration.
Soil profile and structural
requirement
2.Physical consideration
Depth of top soil, rubbish fill
Depth of poor surface deposit like peat,
muck
GWT and its seasonal fluctuations
Depth of adjacent footings
Depth of underground facilities
17
18
BEARING CAPACITY
Terzaghis equation (for general shear
failure)-
0.5BN
SETTLEMENT
= i + c
c=[Cc / (1 + eo)] *(H) *log (o +
) / o
Cc=compression index
o =initial overburden pressure at that level
=additional pressure at that level.
H=length of strata .
e0=natural void ratio of the soil in place.
20
21
GLOBAL STABILITY
Overturning
FOS > 1.5
Sliding
FOS > 1.5
22
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27
Conclusion
Design of shallow foundations is
controlled by many factors.
Involves integrated decisionmaking and functioning of
architects, structural engineers
and foundation engineers
28
References
Design of Shallow foundations by Samuel.E.French
Basic and applied Soil mechanics by G.Ranjan &
A.S.R Rao.
IS 1904(1986),Code of practice for Design and
Construction of Foundation in soils: General
Requirements.
J. M. Raut,S. R. Khadeshwar,S. P. Bajad, andM. S.
Kadu(2014) Simplified Design Method for Piled Raft
Foundations, Advances in Soil Dynamics and
Foundation Engineering, ASCE.
Ahmed Abdelrazaq(2010).Design and Construction of
the Burj Khalifa,Dubai,UAEStructures Congress ASCE.
29
THANK YOU
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