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ACTUATION
SYSTEMS
Actuation Systems
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems
Mechanical Actuation Systems
Electrical Actuation Systems
Hydraulic Systems
There are basically three types of valves employed in hydraulic
systems:
These valves are used to control the start, stop and change in direction
of the fluid flow. These valves regulate the flow direction in the hydraulic
circuit.
These control valves contain ports that are external openings for the
fluid to enter and leave. The number of ports is usually identified by the
term way'.
The fluid flow rate is responsible for the speed of actuator (motion of the
output) and should controlled in a hydraulic system. This operation can
be performed by using flow control valves.
The output force is directly proportional to the pressure and hence, the
Indirect
actuation
Pneumatic
actuation
Hydraulic
actuation
Solenoid
actuation
Mechanical
actuation
Manual
actuation
Three - position
Two position
Four- way
valves.
Three way
valves
Two- way
valves
Spool valves
Poppet valves
Actuating
mechanism:
Number of
switching
position:
Number of
ports:
Type of
construction:
Directional
control valves
Poppet Valve
Spool Valve
This valve has one pressure port, one tank port and one
actuating port.
In this valve, the pressure port pressurizes one port and
exhausts another one and only one actuator port is opened
at a time.
In some cases a neutral position is also available when both
the ports are blocked. Generally, these valves are used to
operate single acting cylinders.
Pneumatic actuators
Pneumatic actuators are the devices used for converting
pressure energy of compressed air into the mechanical
energy to perform useful work.
Actuators are used to perform the task of exerting the
required force at the end of the stroke or used to create
displacement by the movement of the piston
The pressurised air from the compressor is supplied to
reservoir. The pressurised air from storage is supplied to
pneumatic actuator to do work.
There are three types of pneumatic actuator:
i) Linear Actuator or Pneumatic cylinders
ii) Rotary Actuator or Air motors
iii) Limited angle Actuators
Rotary Actuator
Arotary actuatoris anactuator
that produces arotarymotion or
torque.
Linear cylinder used to produce
rotation
Vane Motor