Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

1. Increase in preheat temperature or combined feed temperature

Operating parameter
Increase in regeneration temperature.For every 55.6 degree C
increase in pre-heat temp. increase regen temp. by 11.1 degree C.
Reduction in stripping steam.
Effects:
Conversion decreases.55.6 degree C increase in combined feed
temp. for 3-4% reduction in conversion.Increase in dry gas.
Decrease in coke make,55.6 oC Increase in combined feed temp for 5
% reduction in coke make
2. Increase in Reactor Temp
Operating parameter
Regenerator temp increases. Increase in reactor temp. leads to raise
cat/oil ratio and regenerator temp.High regen temp. raises cokeburning rate leading to lower residual carbon on catalyst.
Increase in stripping steam

Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

Effects
Conversion increases.Reactor temp. affect gasoline/conversion
because of formation of thermally generated by-products (e.g.dry
gas,LPG and coke).It is desirable to operate at a lower reactor temp.
and higher C/O to maximize gasoline yield. Beyond over cracking
point , 14 degree C increase for 1%decrease.
RON increases. For a 10 LV% increase in conversion at constant
temp, MON increases by 0.8 and RON by 1.0 number in 50-80%
conversion range The octane response is reduced at lower conversion
and every 10 oC in reactor temp.RON increases 1 number.
MON. Reactor temp has no or slight effect on MON for a very
aromatic feed stock.
Gasoline Sulfur increases.
Gasoline olefinicity increases.About 4 bromine No. increases per 5.5
oC
Increase in aromatics/benzene content.

Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

1)

Increase in LCO aromaticity

Coke make increases slightly.Coke yield is dependent on reactor
energy requirement.It has an influence on conversion level.
Increase in dry gas yield;
Dry gas yield is influenced reaction-mix temperature.The rate
increases with reactor temp.-0.25%wt in C2- per 5.5 oC .There are
sharper increase in dry gas yield above over cracking conditions.To
reduce dry gas yield , one needs to minimize reactor temp.regen
temp and preheat temp.For regen temp increase of 5.5 oC (between
649-746 oC , dry gas increase within a range of 0.03 to 0.12 wt%.
LPG yield: High reactor temp.along with short contact time gives
greater production of C3-C5 olefins.Riser outlet temp usually has a
moderate effect on total C3 selectivity.Reactor temp. regen temp,
and cat/oil ratio have little or no impact on total C4 yield.
Reactor temp. affects gasoline/conversion because of formation of
thermally generated byproducts(e.g.dry gas,LPG,and coke) .

Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

3.

Therefore it is desirable to operate at a lower reactor temp. and higher C/O

to maximise gasoline yield.Beyond overcracking, 14 oC increase for 1%
decrease.
IC4/C4= ratio: The ratio declines substantially as the reactor temp. from
499 TO 543 oC since temp. greatly increases C4 olefins yield with very
little effect on the isobutane yield.
LCO yield decreases as conversion increases
Increase in Catalyst/oil ratio
Increase in conversion.
Increase in gasoline yield
By decreasing feed preheat temp. and also increasing conversion via high
cat/oil ratio is known to boost gasoline yield.
Decrease in gasoline sulfur.
Decrease in gasoline olefinicity
Slight increase in aromatic/benzene content of gasoline
Increase in IC4/C4= ratio
LCO yield decreases

Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

Delta coke decreases with increasing cat. Circulation.Delta coke is
defined as coke yield divided C/O or the difference between wt%
carbon on spent cat and regenerated catalyst. But the response is
reversed in case of poor stripper performance.When C/O increases
close to a units max stripper capacity ,unstripped hydrocarbons are
carried into the regenerator adding to delta coke In commercial
unit , delta coke is reduced by following process factors:

Increase in C/O.

Improved feed nozzle dispersion

Better stripper efficiency.

Decrease in reactor pressure.

Decrease in slurry rate.

Increase in LCO

Better coke quality(e.g. less metal and carbon residue)

Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

4. Increase in Contact Time

Gasoline olefinicity decreases.

Aromatics/benzene content increases.

5. Increase in reactor pressure

1psi increase for 2.8 oC increase in regeneration temp.

Conversion increases slightly.

Gasoline yield increases.

LPG yield decreases.

Coke make increases slightly

Delta coke increases.

6. Increase in combined feed ratio
Operating parameter
Regen temp. increases depending on recycle composition.
Increase in stripping steam.Typical stripping steam rate is 2.5 lb/ 1000 lb
cat circulation rate.

Effects of FCCU process parameters on product yield and quality

Effects

Conversion increases.0.1% increase in combined feed ratio for 1-2

% increase conversion

Gasoline yield increases slightly.

Gasoline sulfur decreases.

Dry gas yield increases.

Increase in LCO yield.Increased combined feed ratio tends to

reduce LCO boiling point.

Coke make increases

7. Catalyst level in reactor
Operating parameter
Regeneration temp.increases.
Effect: Conversion increases
8. Catalyst level in regenerator
Improved regeneration due to higher residence time.