Second Day of Class 07-29-15: Physics

SECOND DAY OF CLASS
07-29-15
Physics
Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer
#2 IMAGE OF THE DAY
TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

1. Syllabus
2. Physics and
Measurement
What is the main
objective of physics?
Standards of Length,
Mass, and Time
Significant Figures
PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS
WHAT ARE THE MAIN GOALS OF

PHYSICS?
Physics is a subject based on experimental
observations and quantitative measurements. The
main objectives of physics are to :
1. Identify a limited number of fundamental laws
that govern natural phenomena;
2 Use the fundamental laws to develop theories
that can predict the results of future experiments.
These laws used in theories are translated into
mathematical language which is the bridge
between theory and experiment.
STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

TIME
In mechanics there are three fundamental quantities
such as length, mass, and time, and all others are
derived from these three ones.
LENGTH: it can be identify as the distance between
two points. Standard of length: Yard decreed by King
of England, foot from French King Louis XIV. Until 1799
in France the standard of length became meter (m).
Since 1983, Meter is redefined as the distance
traveled by light in vacuum during a time of 1/299 792
458 second.

TIME

TIME
MASS: the main SI unit of mass is Kilogram(Kg),
and it is the mass of a specific platinum-iridium
alloy cylinder kept at the International Bureau of
weights and Measures at Svres, France.
TIME: mean solar day. The fundamental unit is
second (s) which is (1/60)*(1/60)*(1/24) of a
mean solar day. Nowadays (s) is 9 192 631 770
times the period of vibration of radiation from the
cesium-133 atom according to the Atomic clock.

TIME

TIME

TIME

TIME- DERIVED QUANTITIES
Length, Mass, Time are fundamental

quantities which is different from derived
quantities such as area, density, speed.
THIRD DAY OF CLASS

08-03-15
Physics
#6 SENTENCE OF THE DAY
The secret of change is to focus all of your energy, not on

fighting the old, but on building the new
- Socrates
TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

1. Physics and
Measurement
What is the main
objective of physics?
Standards of Length,
Mass, and Time
Significant Figures
2. Displacement,
Velocity and Speed
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
In physics, the word dimension the

physical nature of a quantity.
Example 1.1- Analysis of an Equation &

1.2 Analysis of a Power Law
CONVERSION OF UNITS
It is important to know the equivalent
units from different measurement
systems. For instance, the conversion
factor between SI (Standard International
units) and U.S customary units of length
are as follows:
Example 1.3 Is He Speeding?

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
When we measure something, there will
always be certain uncertainties, and they
come from several factors, such as the quality
of apparatus, the skill of the experiment, and
the number of measurements performed.
Significant figures is used to express the
uncertainty of a measurement.
Eg.: Radius of a compact disk with 6 cm
radius, +/-0.1 is the uncertainty, (6cm +/-0.1)
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Zeros can or cannot be significant figures.
1- Eg: 0.03 and 00075 have 1 and 2
significant figures respectively.
2- Eg.: 1500 g 4 significant figures(sgf).
1.5*10^3 g 2 sgf; 1.50*10^3 g 3 sgf.
HOW TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANT

FIGURES IN PROBLEM SOLVING?
HOW TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANT

FIGURES IN PROBLEM SOLVING?
CLASS #4
08-05-15
Physics
Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain

way to succeed is always to try just one more time.
-Thomas A. Edson
TODAYS TOPICS ARE:
2. Kinematic
-Displacement, Velocity and Speed
3. KINEMATICS DISPLACEMENT,
VELOCITY AND SPEED
There are three types of motion such as
Translational, rotational and vibrational. We
always know the motion of a particle if we
know the position of it in space at all times.
(Exg.:ant & car)
VELOCITY AND SPEED
VELOCITY AND SPEED
The displacement of a particle is the
change of the particles position.
What is the difference between
displacement and distance travelled?
CLASS #5
08-06-15
Physics
Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps you

going.
-Unknown
TODAYS TOPICS ARE:
2. Kinematic
-Displacement, Velocity and Speed
Averege velocity and speed,
instantaneous velocity and speed.
VELOCITY AND SPEED
Displacement is a vector quantity as well as
velocity and acceleration. A Vector is a
physical quantity that requires both direction
(minus and plus) and magnitude. However, a
scalar has magnitude but not direction.
We will be working in this chapter with a onedimensional motion only.
VELOCITY AND SPEED
Looking at the previous graph position-time, we can see the
change in position easily( check it out). The graph gives an
important ratio average velocity
.
Average velocity is the particles displacement Dx divided
by the time interval Dt during which that displacement
occurred:
VELOCITY AND SPEED
The unit of average speed is the same average velocity which

meter/sec. However, average speed has no direction and do
not have any sign.
CLASS #5
08-10-15
Physics
Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can

be done without hope & confidence .
-Helen Keller
TODAYS TOPICS ARE:
2. Kinematic
Averege velocity and speed,
instantaneous velocity and speed.
3. KINEMATICS
2.1 Calculate the Variable of Motion.
Find the displacement, average velocity, and
average speed of the car in figure below between
positions A and B.
3. KINEMATICS INSTANTENEOUS V
ELOCITY AND SPEED
Instead of knowing the average velocity
along a finite time interval, what about
the velocity of a particle at the moment?
Lets freeze time and talk about an
individual time or instant.
Look at the figure(b) , it shows us if we
draw different lines between points within
the interval of A-B, we will get to a
tangent line to the curve (only one point
touching)- The slope of thus tangent
line is the velocity of the car at that
point and moment which is the
instantaneous velocity.
3. KINEMATICS INSTANTENEOUS
VELOCITY AND SPEED
The instantaneous speed is the magnitude of

its instantaneous velocity. Average speed and
instantaneous speed have no direction. For
example, a particle with an instantaneous
velocity of +25m/s and another particle with
CLASS #6
08-12-15
Physics
If you can image it, you can achieve it. If you can dream it,
you can become it. .
-William Arthur Ward
3. KINEMATICS CONSTANT
VELOCITY
2.2 A particle moves along the x-axis. Its x coordinate varies
with time according to expression x=-4t+2t^2 , where x is in
meter and t is in seconds. The position-time graph for this
motion is shown below. Note that the particle moves in the
negative x direction for the first second of motion, is at the rest
at the moment t=1 s, and moves in the positive x direction for
t>1 s. (a) Determine the displacement of the particle in the time
intervals t=0 to t=1 s to t=3 s.
VELOCITY
The particle (car moving) is traveling at a constant

velocity, the slope does not change, it remains the same.
If the velocity of a particle is constant, its instantaneous
velocity is equal to the average velocity over the interval.
If at Xi, ti=0 s than :::

VELOCITY
2.3 Modeling a Runner as a particle A scientist

is studying the biomechanics of the human body.
She determines the velocity of an experimental
CLASS #7
08-14-15
Physics
Either you run the day or the day runs you .

-Jim Rohn
3. KINEMATICS ACCELERATION
When the particles velocity is changing with

the time, we Slides
say
it
is
accelerating.
The
Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer
When the change of velocity is occuring in a

really short period of time, we are dealing
with a instantaneous acceleration.
The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis varies

according to the expression Vx=40 -5t^2, where Vx is
in meter per second and t is in seconds. (a) Find the
average acceleration in the time interval t=0 to t=2.0
s. (b) Determine the acceleration at t=2.0 s.
ACCELERATION
When we say the acceleration is constant, the average

acceleration over any time interval is equal to the
instantaneous acceleration ax at any time interval. When
the velocity at a constant acceleration varies linearly with
time, the average velocity in any time is the arithmetic
mean of the intial and final velocity(only when
acceleration is constant).
ACCELERATION
*It is important to know that when the acceleration of a particle

is zero, its velocity is constant and its position changes linearly
with time, and the model reduces from under constant
acceleration to under constant velocity (so in this case use
only equations valid for constant velocity) . The graphs and
equations below are only for a particle under constat acceleration.
ACCELERATION
ACCELERATION
Carrier Landing
A jet lands on an aircraft carrier at a speed of 140 mi/h (63
m/s). (a) What is its acceleration (assumed constant) if it
stops in 2.0 s due to an arresting cable that snags the jet and
brings it to a stop? (b) If the jet touches down at position
xi=0, what is its final position?
ACCELERATION
3.1 Carrier Landing

A jet lands on an aircraft carrier at a speed of 140 mi/h (63
m/s). (a) What is its acceleration (assumed constant) if it
stops in 2.0 s due to an arresting cable that snags the jet and
brings it to a stop? (b) If the jet touches down at position
xi=0, what is its final position?
4. KINEMATICS MOTION IN TWO

DIMENSION

DIMENSION
Coordinate systems
In two-dimensions, we use Cartesian coordinates
which is also be called rectangular coordinates.

DIMENSION
Coordinate systems
Sometimes it will be needed to represent a
point in a plane by its plane polar
coordinates (r,)

DIMENSION
3.2 The Cartesian coordinates of a point in

the xy plane are (x,y)= (-3.50, -2.50) m as
shown in the figure below. Find the polar
coordinates of this point.

DIMENSION
Vector and Scalar Quantities

DIMENSION
Some Vector Properties.
2. Adding Vectors by
1. Equality of Two Vectors:
graphical method: to sum
two vectors are equal if they
vector, first draw vector A on
have the same magnitude and
graph paper, with its magnitude
if they point in the same
represented by its length scale,
direction. The graph below
and then draw vector B to the
vectors are equal even though same scale, with its tail starting
they do not have the same from the tip of A.
starting point.

DIMENSION
2. Adding Vectors by graphical method: to sum
vector, first draw vector A on graph paper, with its
magnitude represented by its length scale, and then draw
vector B to the same scale, with its tail starting from the
tip of A.

DIMENSION

DIMENSION

DIMENSION
Components of a Vector and Unit Vector
The graphical method of adding vectors is not
recommended for three dimensional problem. It is better
to use a method that applies projections of vectors along
coordinates axes. These projections are known as
rectangular components of vectors.

DIMENSION
Unit Vectors
Vector quantities are usually expressed in unit vectors. A
unit vector is a dimensionless vector having a
magnitude of exactly 1 , and we use it only to specify a
given direction in space.
We use the symbols to represent unit vectors

pointing in the positive x,y, and z directions,
and they are perpendicular.

DIMENSION

Second Day of Class 07-29-15: Physics

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SECOND DAY OF CLASS

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

#2 IMAGE OF THE DAY

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

WHAT ARE THE MAIN GOALS OF

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

STANDARDS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND

Length, Mass, Time are fundamental

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

THIRD DAY OF CLASS

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

#6 SENTENCE OF THE DAY

The secret of change is to focus all of your energy, not on

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

In physics, the word dimension the

Example 1.1- Analysis of an Equation &

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Example 1.3 Is He Speeding?

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

HOW TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANT

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

HOW TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANT

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

#7 SENTENCE OF THE DAY

Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

#9 SENTENCE OF THE DAY

Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps you

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

The unit of average speed is the same average velocity which

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

#10 SENTENCE OF THE DAY

Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

TODAYS TOPICS ARE:

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer

Slides Prepared by : Johnny Pilartes Petroleum Engineer