THE FIVE GENERATIONS OF

COMPUTERS

THE FIRST
GENERATION

Vacuum
Tubes 1940
-1956

Used for circuitry and

magnetic drums for memory
It is enormous
It is expensive to operate
Used great deal of electricity
Relied on machine
language ,low level
programing language
understood by computers to
perform operations
Its input is based on punched
cards/ paper tape
Its output was displayed in
printouts

EXAMPLE OF VACUUM TUBE COMPUTERS

UNIVAC Universal
Automatic Computers
the first commercial
computers produced
in US on 1951

ENIAC Electronic
Numerical Integrator And
Computer
was the first electronic
general-purpose computer.
It was Turing-complete,
digital, and capable of
being reprogrammed to
solve a full range of
computing problems.
Both computers are invented by
JOHN MAUCHLY AND J. PRESPER
ECKERT (ENIAC AND UNIVAC )

THE SECOND
GENERATION OF
COMPUTERS

THE
TRANSISTORS

1956 - 1963

Transistor is a semiconductor
device used to amplify and
switch electronic signals and
electric power
Invented in 1947
Superior to vacuum tubes
Smaller, fast and cheaper
than vacuum tubes
Energy efficient and reliable
from first generation
Relied on punched card for
input and print out for output
Moved cryptic binary machine
language to symbolic or
assembly language

EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER USING TRANSISTORS

COBOL Common
Business Oriented
Language
used in business, finance
and administrative
systems for companies and
governments
FORTRAN - derived from
The IBM Mathematical
Formula Translating
System

These are high-level

programming
language being
developed
First computers that
stored their
instructions in their
memory
These computers were
developed for atomic
energy industry

THE THIRD
GENERATION OF
COMPUTERS

INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS

1964 - 1971

An integrated circuit or monolithic

integrated circuit (also referred to as an
IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of
electronic circuits on one small plate
("chip") of semiconductor material,
normally silicon.
Most of transistors were miniaturized
and placed on silicon chips called semiconductors which drastically increased
the speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts,
Users interact through keyboards and
monitors and interfaced with operating
system, which allowed the device to
run many differnet applications at one
time with a central program that
monitored the memory

 Became accessible to mass audience

because they were smaller and
cheaper
Integrated circuits are used in
virtually all electronic equipment today
and have revolutionized the world of
electronics. Computers, mobile phones,
and other digital home appliances are
now inextricable parts of the structure
of modern societies, made possible by
the low cost of producing integrated
circuits.

THE FOURTH
GENERATION

MICROPROCESSOR
S

1971- PRESENT

Made of thousands of integrated circuits

which were built onto a single silicon chip
Much smaller that could fit in the palm of
the hand
moved out the realm of desktop computer
More powerful, led to the development of
the internet
Saw the development of GUIs , mouse
and handheld devices
Example of computer using
microprocessor

Intel 4004 chip developed in 1971

located all the components of the
computer from CPU
( central processing unit) and memory to
input / output controls ---- on a single chip
IBM Company introduced its first
computer for the home users
APPLE 1984 introduced the Macintosh

THE FIFTH
GENERATION AND
BEYOND

ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENC
E
Futuristic
computers

Based on artificial intelligence, still in

development
Most artificial intelligence systems
involve some sort of integrated
technologies, for example the
integration of speech synthesis
technologies with that of speech and
voice recognition
The use of parallel processing and semi
conductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality
Quantum computations and molecular
and nano technology will radically
change the face of computers in years
to come
Its goal is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and
are capable of learning and self
organization

GROUP MEMBERS

1. Pineda, Vermariah Loreigne

2. Loveranes, Gabriel
3. Nisperos, Lourceline

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