Government Engineering Collage

Palanpur
Branch :- Mechanical Engineering
Subject Name:- Elements of Electrical Engineering (2110005)
Topic Name:- Safety & protection
Group No. :- 1

Enrollment No.
140610119001
140610119002
140610119003
140610119004
140610119005

Outline
Safety
Electricshock & its effects
Safety rules
Grounding
Circuit protection devices

Safety
Electrical safety is very important in every

work in environment .
The purpose of safety is to ensure the
safety of persons exposed to the risk of injury
arising from electrical hazards.

Electrical Shock And Its Effects

AN ELECTRIC SHOCK IS THE PASSAGE OF AN

ELECTRIC CURRENT THROUGH THE BODY .

EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK ON

THE HUMAN BODY

A PERSON MAY SUFFER INTERNAL

HEMORRHAGS AND DISTRUCTION OF

TISSUES,NERVOUS AND MUSCLES.

Safety Rules
1.

Make it a habit to turn off electric

5.

appliances when they are in not use.

Must use protective devices such as
MCB,ELCB or FUSE.
Never allow wire or lead to run under carpet
where they remained invisible.
Touch your appliances with dry hands only.
Take away your children from electric earthig.

6.

Never ever overload sockets .

2.
3.
4.

First AID BOX For Electric Shock

First aid is the first action taken in an

emergency.
Call for help.
Turn off all power if this can be done quickly.
Check for breathing & heartbeats and apply
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, if necessary.

GROUNDING / EARTHING
Earthing is connection to earth to provide

absolute zero potential.

Earthing is given to the body of equipment so
as to divert fault current to ground through
neutral wire.

WHAT IS EARTHING ?
The process of connecting metallic bodies of all

the electrical appartus and equipments to huge

mass of earth by wire having negliglible is called
Earthing.

Importance Of The Earthing

1. To protect the personnel from danger of
2.
3.

4.
5.

shock.
Protection of equipments.
Protection of large buildings and all
machines feed from overload.
TYPES OF GROUNDINGS
Plate earthing
Pipe earthing

Plate Earthing
In plate earthing, earth wire is connected to

copper or galvanized iron (G.I.) plate.

PLATE DIMENSIONS COMMONLY USED:
For copper plate:60cm* 60cm* 3.18mm
For G.I. plate: 60cm* 60cm* 6.35mm
The G.I. plates are commonly used now-adays.

First, the selected plate is placed vertically

inside the ground at a depth of 1.5m and is

embedded in alternate layers of coal and salt
to a thickness of 15cm.
The earth wire is drawn trough GI pipe and is
perfectly bolted to the earth plate.
The GI pipe is fitted with a funnel on the top of
the ground ; from that pipe, water is poured to
maintain palate area at wet condition to keep
low resistance.
A cement masonry chamber is built with a cast
iron cover for easy regular maintenance.

Pipe Earthing
In pipe earthing, earth wire is drawn through
12.7 mm G.I. pipe.
First the pipe is placed upright at a depth of
1.75m in a permenently wet ground and the
area surrounding the GI pipe is filled with an
alternate layers of charcoal and salt to
increase the effective area of the earth and to
reduce the earth resistance respectively.
A cement masonry chamber is built with a cast
iron cover for easy regular maintenance.

Circuit Protection Devices

Protection for electrical installation must be

provided in the event of faults such as short

circuit, overload and earth faults.
1. FUSES
2. MCB
3. ELCB
4. RELAYS

Fuse

1.A fault in an appliance can cause the

current1.to
be too
andcan
cancause
leadthe
to the
A fault
in angreat
appliance
current to
be
too
great and causing
can lead a
Fuses
& Circ
wire overheating
and
possibly
to the wire overheating and possibly
fire.
causing a fire.
2.A fuse 2.
isAdesigned
to melt
if the
current
fuse is designed
to melt
if the
through a
circuit
is tooa circuit
high, is
thereby
current
through
too high,
breaking the circuit
breakingthereby
the circuit
3. The
fuse should
be higher
just higher
thanthe
3.The fuse
should
be just
than
the normal working current
normal4.working
current
A circuit breaker
can be reset rather
4.A circuit than
breaker
can be reset rather than
replaced
replaced

Fuses & Circuit

Breakers

Miniature
Circuit
Breakers (MCB)
Multi 9

The technology
Active parts
C60N

NC100 / NC125
termin
al
bimetral
strip
strip braid

termin
al
fixed
contact
movin

movin
g
conta
ct
magnetic
trip
load side
terminal

magnetic
trip
strip
bimetal
braid
load
strip side
terminal

gcont
act
strip braid

Definition
Protect cables against

Main functions
Symbol

overloads and short

circuits
Let the

current flow

without overheating on
cables
Open and close a circuit
under rated current
Protect against
insulation
faults (see earth leakage
protection module)

Miniature circuit = switch + trip unit

breaker (MCB) 4

ELCB..

Earth leakage protection is the process of detecting when the

return current to earth is over a safe value & automatically
breaking the continuity of the circuit to ensure the safety of an
electrical installation.
An electrical installation is a building or place that provides
electricity for use by electricity consumers.
A consumer of electricity is a person who uses electricity. The
person is supplied either by an electricity supplier, or the
person may provide his own electricity for his own use.
An electricity supplier is any local authority, statutory body or
person who supplies, contracts / agrees to supply electricity.

The End