GROUP 6

Presentation
Pipican, Shekinah Faith L.
Cunanan, Janella Marie
Galsim, Christian Royce
Ocampo, Justin Anthony

EARTHQUAKE

WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?
A Shaking of a part of the earths surface
that often causes great damage.

WHAT CAN I DO TO PREPARE

FOR AN EARTHQUAKE?
Before an Earthquake occurs..

Fasten shelves securely to walls, and place heavy

objects on lower shelves.
Store breakable items in low, closed cabinets.
Hang items such as pictures and mirrors away
from beds and anywhere people sit.
Brace hanging light fixtures.
Repair known defective electrical wiring and gas
connections.
Identify safe places in each room (under sturdy
furniture, against inside walls, away from glass).

Locate safe places outdoors (away from

buildings, trees, electrical lines, and
bridges).
Teach family members how to turn off gas,
electricity, and water.
Teach children how to dial 911 in an
emergency.
Have disaster supplies on hand (flashlight
and extra batteries, battery operated radio,
fist aid kit with manual, emergency food and
drinking water, non electric can opener,
cash, sturdy shoes).
Develop an emergency communications
plan in case family members are separated.

During an earthquake (indoors)..

Take cover beneath a sturdy piece of furniture or

against an indoor wall away from glass that
might break.
Stay inside! The most dangerous thing you can
do during an earthquake is to try to leave.

During an earthquake (outdoors)...

Move

into the open, away from buildings, street

lights, and overhead utility wires. Stay there until
the shaking stops.

During an earthquake (in a moving

vehicle)...

Try to find a clear area away from buildings, trees,

overpasses, and overhead wires.
Stop quickly and stay in the vehicle.
Once the shaking has stopped, proceed with caution.
Bridges and ramps may have been damaged during
the shaking.

Dealing with pets...

The behavior of pets may change after an earthquake,

and they may become aggressive or defensive.
Leash dogs or keep them in a fenced area.
Pets may not be allowed in emergency shelters, so
prepare an emergency supply that includes a several
day supply of dry pet food and a large water container.

After the earthquake...

Be prepared for aftershocks. They may cause

additional damage for hours to months after
the main shock.
Help injured or trapped persons within the
limits of your abilities.
Listen to a battery operated radio or television
for emergency information.
Check on the elderly and disabled, or children
who may need special help.
Stay out of damaged buildings!
Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
Clean up spilled materials.
Open cabinet and closet doors cautiously.

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF

EARTHQUAKE?
Ground shaking, in itself, is not dangerous.
However, the resulting damage to
buildings and other structures and the
risk of casualties from falling debris can
make it extremely hazardous. Some of
the earthquake effects that can be
harmful to people are:

Collapsing buildings,
walls, bridges, falling
furniture or objects,
shattering glass windows
and mirrors.Debris from
collapsing structures is one
of the principal dangers
during an earthquake since
the impact of large, heavy
objects can be fatal to
human beings. Earthquakes
sometimes cause glass
windows and mirrors to
shatter and this is also quite
dangerous. Earthquake
aftershocks can result in the

Rock slides and/or

landslides on
mountains and
hillsides.During an
earthquake, large
rocks and portions
of earth high up in
the hills can become
dislopdged and
rapidly roll or slide
down into the

Tsunamis.A
tsunami is a
large sea wave
or series of
waves that can
be generated by
an earthquake.
Large tsunamis
can completely
devastate low-

Emergency Supplies for Earthquake Preparedness

First Aid Kit

Store your first aid supplies in a tool

box or fishing tackle box so they will be
easy to carry and protected from water.
Inspect your kit regularly and keep it
freshly stocked. NOTE: Important
medical information and most
prescriptions can be stored in the
refrigerator, which also provides
excellent protection from fires.

Drugs/Medications

Hydrogen peroxide to wash and disinfect

wounds
Antibiotic ointment
Individually wrapped alcohol swabs
Aspirin and non-aspirin tablets
Prescriptions and any long-term
medications (keep these current)
Diarrhea medicine
Eye drops

Other First Aid Supplies

First aid book

Scissors
Thermometer
Bar soap
Tissues
Paper cups
Pocket knife
Small plastic bags
Safety pins
Needle and thread
Sanitary napkins

Survival Kit for Your Home

Assemble a survival kit for your home with
the following items:

Tools and supplies

ax, shovel, broom

screwdriver, pliers, hammer, adjustable
wrench
rope for towing or rescue
plastic sheeting and tape

Items for safety and comfort

sturdy shoes that can provide protection from

broken glass, nails, and other debris
gloves (heavy and durable for cleaning up debris)
candles
change of clothing
knife
tent
blankets or sleeping bags
portable radio, flashlight, and extra batteries
essential medications and eyeglasses
fire extinguisher -- multipurpose, dry chemical
type
food and water for pets
toilet tissue
cash

WHAT IS TSUNAMI ?
A very high, large wave in the ocean that
is usually caused by an earthquake
under the sea and that can cause great
destruction when it reaches land.

Tsunamis: the effects

Introduction
The effects of a tsunami on a coastline can range from
unnoticeable to devastating. The effects of a tsunami
depend on the characteristics of theseismic
eventthat generated the tsunami, the distance from
its point of origin, its size (magnitude) and, at last, the
configuration of the bathymetry (that is the depth of
water in oceans) along the coast that the tsunami is
approaching. Small tsunamis, non-destructive and
undetectable without specialized equipment, happen
almost every day as a result of minorearthquakes and
other events. They are very often too far away from
land or they are too small to have any effect when
they hit the shore.

When a small tsunami comes to the shoreline it

is often seen as a strong and fast-moving tide.
Tsunamis have long periods and can overcome
obstacles such as gulfs, bays and islands.
These tsunamis make landfall usually in the
form of suddenly decreasing and then rapidly
increasing water levels (not unlike a tidal bore)
a combination of several large waves or boretype waves. Generally tsunamis arrive, not as
giant breaking waves, but as a forceful rapid
increase in water levels.However, when
tsunami waves become extremely large in
height, they savagely attack coastlines,
causing devastating property damage and loss
of lifes that results in violent flooding.

A small wave only 30 centimetres high in

the deep ocean may grow into a
monster wave 30m high as it sweeps
over the shore. The effects can be
further amplified where a bay, harbour,
or lagoon funnels the waves as they
move inland. Large tsunamis have
been known to rise to over 100 feet!

Destruction

The amount of energy and water contained in a huge

tsunami can cause extreme destruction when it strikes
land. Destruction is caused by two mechanisms: the
smashing force of a wall of water traveling at high
speed, and the destructive power of a large volume of
water draining off the land and carrying all with it,
even if the wave did not look large. Tsunami waves
destroy boats, buildings, bridges, cars, trees,
telephone lines, power lines - and just about anything
else in their way. Once the tsunami waves have
knocked down infrastructure on the shore they may
continue to travel for several miles inland, sweeping
away more trees, buildings, cars and other man made
equipment. Small islands hit by a tsunami are left
unrecognizable.

Image:Homes are destroyed by a tsunami

Especially along a high seismic area, known as theRing
of Fire, tsunamis may have dramatic consequences as
they hit less developed countries.

Death
One of the biggest and worst effects of a tsunami is
the cost to human life because unfortunately
escaping a tsunami is nearly impossible. Hundreds
and thousands of people are killed by tsunamis.
Since 1850 alone, tsunamis have been responsible
for the loss of more than 430,000 lives. There is
very little warningbefore a tsunamis hits land. As
the water rushes toward land, it leaves very little
time to map an escape plan. People living in coastal
regions, towns and villages have no time to escape.
The violent force of the tsunami results in instant
death, most commonly by drowning. Buildings
collapsing, electrocution, and explosions from gas,
damaged tanks and floating debris are another
cause of death. The tsunami of December 2004
that struck South East Asia and East Africa killed

Image:Child being carried away

Disease
Tsunami waves and the receding water are very
destructive to structures in therun-upzone.
The areas close to the coast are flooded with
sea water, damaging the infrastructure such as
sewage and fresh water supplies for drinking .
Flooding and contamination of drinking water
can cause disease to spread in the tsunami hit
areas. Illnesses such as malaria arise when
water is stagnant and contaminated. Under
these conditions it is difficult for people to stay
healthy and for diseases to be treated, so
infections and illnesses can spread very
quickly, causing more death.

Environmental impacts

Tsunamis not only destroy human life, but have

a devastating effect on insects, animals,
plants, and natural resources. A tsunami
changes the landscape. It uproots trees and
plants and destroys animal habitats such as
nesting sites for birds. Land animals are
killed by drowning and sea animals are killed
by pollution if dangerous chemicals are
washed away into the sea, thus poisoning
the marine life. The impact of a tsunami on
the environment relates not only to the
landscape and animal life, but also to the
man-made aspects of the environment. Solid

age:Tsunami environmental impact

How to Prepare for a

Tsunami

Tsunamis are a series of waves caused by a

massive disturbance of water. In general,
tsunamis are not particularly threatening, as
they constantly happen every day around
the world, often in the middle of the ocean.
In fact, most tsunamis don't reach much
higher than regular ocean waves on the
beach. But in some cases, the tsunami will
develop into potentially destructive waves. If
you live in a coastal area, it's imperative that
you know what to do should this situation
arise.

Part 1 of 3:

Being Prepared in
Advance

Know your community's

evacuation routes.
If you live in a coastal community, you
probably have an evacuation route,
even if you're not aware of it or if it's
not often talked about. In short, it'll be
the quickest way to reach high ground.
You want to be, ideally, 2 miles
(3.2km) away from shore and at least
100 feet (30.5m) above sea level.

Make an emergency kit for

your home, work, and vehicle.
You want one available for wherever you
may be when the time comes. Worst
case scenario is you get caught
somewhere for a few days before
evacuations start happening, so you
want 72 hours worth of goods. Put in
things like a roll of toilet paper, first aid
equipment, energy bars, and water.
Here's a list to get you started:

Water
Canned or packaged foods
Flashlight
Radio (tuned to NOAA station that gives "all
clear" signal)
Sanitary items (toilet paper, moist towelettes,
garbage bags, zip ties)
First aid equipment (band-aids, gauze pads, etc)
Whistle
Map
Tools (wrench to turn off utilities, manual can
opener)
Duct tape
Spare clothes
Anything for individuals with specific needs
(infants, elderly, etc.)

Have a family
communication plan.
If you're at work, the kids are at school,
and your spouse is at home, all the
group planning in the world won't do
you any good. Have a plan on where to
meet if a tsunami were to strike when
you're in different areas. Invest in a set
of walkie talkies and outline the plan,
making sure all parties understand that
that's where they need to meet,
regardless of circumstance.

Take a First Aid course

If your community gets hit, people like
you may need to rise to the occasion. If
you have taken a first aid course, you
can administer CPR, attend to basic
injuries, and help save lives. Including
your own .

Look into flood

insurance.
Tsunami insurance" just isn't really a thing,
but flood insurance definitely is. If your
house" is even a half mile to a mile away
from the coast, inquire about it. The last
thing you want to worry about is
reconstructing your life when you have
so much else on your plate. Having
insurance at least eliminates some
financial stress.

Part 2 of 3:
Recognizing the Signs

Know that an earthquake

often precedes a tsunami.
Though not 100% of the time, usually a
coastal earthquake is what sets off a
tsunami. So if at any point the ground
beneath you is even quivering, go on
high alert. A tsunami could come in a
matter of minutes or matter of hours.
Or it could not come at all.

Look to the sea.

Usually during a tsunami, the water will
recede very far back. The water will be
inactive, and the only waves will be very
small and barely make it up to the
beach. Nearby boats and ships will be
likely to bob up and down. A small wave
might come up and fill the water where
it is supposed to be, but then it will
recede back in a second. These are
excellent signs that a tsunami is coming.

Understand that if you are sure

that something is going to
happen, you should warn other
people immediately.
Get everyone to evacuate the beach and
any area near the shore. Yell, scream,
and make an idiot out of yourself if you
need to in order to grab their attention.
Many people will be entranced by the
odd behavior of the ocean and not
realize something is wrong.

Know that a tsunami can

be more than one wave.
And they can be separated by short or
very long periods of time. So if the first
wave is not very aggressive or not very
big, don't think you can go back to the
beach and that your tsunami did not
live up to the hype. Many times people
think that the tsunami is over and are
injured or killed by the second or third
wave.

Part 3 of 3:
Taking Action

If you're a native,
follow your evacuation
plan.
Depending on the tsunami, sometimes
one mile isn't enough. The wave can
sweep as much as 2,000 feet
(609.6m). It doesn't happen often, but
you want to be as safe as possible and
assume the worst. So get far away
from the water and get to high ground.

If you're a tourist, just

go.
The last thing you expected on your
week-long, relaxing visit to Thailand
was a tsunami, but that doesn't mean
it won't happen. You could be casually
resting on the beach, eyes closed,
earbuds in, and all of a sudden the tide
starts acting as if it has a mind of its
own. When that happens, head for the
hills.

Grab your kit (if it's

nearby) and seek high
ground.

That's why you have a kit everywhere

you could possibly be. So whether
you're high-tailing on foot, on a
bicycle, or in your car, grab it and
go. Once you're there, use your radio
to tune in to your weather alert
station and use the walkie-talkie to
channel your family. Is everyone on
their way?

Understand that if you are caught in the

tsunami's grip, don't fight the current.

You might drown. A bunch of deadly debris

might be floating by, such as cars, trees,
or rocks. Try to grab onto the debris or
something solid in the ground, like a pole.
If you can't grab the debris, try to avoid it.
Move out of its way swiftly or duck
beneath. If you grab something or float on
something until the water subsides or you
are able to get away from the wave, you
are likely to survive.

Precautions For Those At Risk of a Tsunam

i
If you live in a coastal area that is hit by an
earthquake, especially near the Pacific Ocean,
the chances of a tsunami hitting increase. Take
these precautions immediately after an
earthquake.
-Turn on your radio or TV to hear if there is a
tsunami warning
-Move away from the shoreline and to higher
ground
-Do not go to the beach, especially if you see a
noticeable recession of water away from the
shoreline.

What Should Go In a Family Disaster Kit

Keeping a Family Disaster Kit is important in case a

tsunami strikes. It should contain necessities for the
entire family.
Store one-gallon of water per person for at least
three days in plastic containers.
Keep a three-day supply of non-perishable food,
such as peanut butter, trail mix, canned juices,
milk, soup and sweetened cereals.
Store a first-aid kit, tools, some clothing and
bedding and important documents in the kit as well.
Be sure to store the kit in a convenient place for all
family members and keep things in a airtight,
plastic containers.