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Personality

What
What is
is Personality?
Personality?
Personality
The sum total of ways in which an individual
reacts and interacts with others; measurable
traits a person exhibits.
Personality Traits
Enduring
characteristics that
describe an
individuals behavior.

Personality
Personality
Determinants
Determinants
Heredity
Heredity
Environment
Environment
Situation
Situation

The
The Myers-Briggs
Myers-Briggs Type
Type Indicator
Indicator
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics
and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality
types.
Personality
PersonalityTypes
Types
Extroverted
Extrovertedvs.
vs.Introverted
Introverted(E
(Eor
orI)I)
Sensing
Sensingvs.
vs.Intuitive
Intuitive(S
(Sor
orN)
N)
Thinking
Thinkingvs.
vs.Feeling
Feeling(T
(Tor
orF)
F)
Judging
Judgingvs.
vs.Perceiving
Perceiving(P
(Por
orJ)J)

Score
Scoreis
isaacombination
combinationof
of
all
allfour
four(e.g.,
(e.g.,ENTJ)
ENTJ)

Meyers-Briggs,
Meyers-Briggs, Continued
Continued
A Meyers-Briggs score
Can be a valuable too for self-awareness and
career guidance

BUT
Should not be used as a selection tool because
it has not been related to job performance!!!

The
The Big
Big Five
Five Model
Model of
of Personality
Personality Dimensions
Dimensions
Extroversion
Sociable, gregarious, and assertive

Agreeableness
Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.

Conscientiousness
Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.

Emotional Stability
Calm, self-confident, secure under stress (positive), versus
nervous, depressed, and insecure under stress (negative).

Openness to Experience
Curious, imaginative, artistic, and sensitive

Major
Major Personality
PersonalityAttributes
Attributes Influencing
Influencing OB
OB
Core Self-evaluation
Self-esteem
Locus of Control

Machiavellianism
Narcissism
Self-monitoring
Risk taking
Type A vs. Type B personality
Proactive Personality

Core
Core Self-Evaluation:
Self-Evaluation: Two
Two Main
Main Components
Components
Self Esteem
Individuals degree of liking or disliking
themselves.

Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they
are masters of their own fate.
Internals (Internal locus of control)
Individuals who believe that they
control what happens to them.
Externals (External locus of control)
Individuals who believe that what
happens to them is controlled by
outside forces such as luck or
chance.

Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism (Mach)
Degree to which an individual is
pragmatic, maintains emotional distance,
and believes that ends can justify means.

Conditions
ConditionsFavoring
FavoringHigh
HighMachs
Machs
Direct
Directinteraction
interactionwith
withothers
others
Minimal
Minimalrules
rulesand
andregulations
regulations
Emotions
Emotionsdistract
distractfor
forothers
others

Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that
measures an individuals
ability to adjust his or her
behavior to external,
situational factors.
High
HighSelf-Monitors
Self-Monitors
Receive
Receivebetter
betterperformance
performance
ratings
ratings
Likely
Likelyto
toemerge
emergeas
asleaders
leaders
Show
Showless
lesscommitment
commitmentto
to
their
theirorganizations
organizations

Risk-Taking
Risk-Taking
High Risk-taking Managers
Make quicker decisions
Use less information to make decisions
Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations

Low Risk-taking Managers


Are slower to make decisions
Require more information before making decisions
Exist in larger organizations with stable
environments

Risk Propensity
Aligning managers risk-taking propensity to job
requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

Personality
Personality Types
Types

Type As
1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;
3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;
4. cannot cope with leisure time;
5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in
terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type Bs
1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;
3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
4. can relax without guilt.

Chapter Check-Up: Personality


Which of the following is not a typical
personality trait considered to be
organizationally relevant?
Locus of control
Self-monitoring
Self-enhancing
Self esteem
Machiavellianism
Discuss with your neighbor how each of the three traits above would
influence a college instructors behavior, and where you think your
teacher falls with respect to each of them.

Chapter Check-Up: Personality


Kishor arrives to class and realizes that hes
forgotten his homework to turn in. He says Oh
man, its just not my lucky day today. Kishor
has ______________.

Kishor has a high external locus of control. Kishor believes that


things outside of his control determine what happens.

If Kishor works on a team with you, and you have a very


high internal locus of control, what kinds of discussions
do you think the two of you might have? Discuss with a
friend.

Chapter Check-Up: Personality


Julia is known for being a go-getter. She never leaves a task
incomplete, and is involved in a number of activities. Moreover,
shes at the top of her class. Shes so busy that sometimes, she
forgets to stop and eat lunch. Julia can be easily characterized
as someone that has/is a Type ____ Personality.

Chapter Check-Up: Personality


Julia is also likely to not be very

Happy?

Fun?

Creative?

Stressed?

In general, Type As are rarely creative because


they generally dont allocate the necessary time
for new solution development; they usually rely on
past experiences to solve problems in order to be
speedy.

Achieving
Achieving Person-Job
Person-Job Fit
Fit
Personality-Job Fit
Theory (Holland)
Identifies six
personality types and
proposes that the fit
between personality
type and occupational
environment
determines satisfaction
and turnover.

Personality
PersonalityTypes
Types
Realistic
Realistic
Investigative
Investigative
Social
Social
Conventional
Conventional
Enterprising
Enterprising
Artistic
Artistic

Hollands
Hollands
Typology
Typologyof
of
Personality
Personality
and
and
Congruent
Congruent
Occupations
Occupations

E X H I B I T 48
E X H I B I T 48

Relationships
Relationships
among
among
Occupational
Occupational
Personality
Personality
Types
Types

Source: Reprinted by special permission of the publisher, Psychological


Assessment Resources, Inc., from Making Vocational Choices, copyright 1973,
1985, 1992 by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. All rights reserved.

E X H I B I T 49
E X H I B I T 49

Organizational
Organizational Culture
Culture Profile
Profile (OCP)
(OCP)
Useful for determining personorganization fit
Survey that forces choices/rankings of
ones personal values
Helpful for identifying most important
values to look for in an organization (in
efforts to create a good fit)

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