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AUTISM THROUGH THE

DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR SKILLS


Autizam kroz razvoj
motorikih sposobnosti
Silva abo

ABOUT:
WHAT IS AUTISM?
WHAT ARE MOTOR SKILLS?
AUTISM AND MOTOR SKILLS

AUTISM
Autism is a disorder of neural development
characterized by impaired social interaction and
verbal and non-verbal communication, and by
restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behavior.

WHAT ARE MOTOR SKILLS?


The ability to physically navigate the world
requires considerable skill that stems from the
central nervous system. The skills include small
movements, known as fine motor skills and large
movements, or gross motor skills. Fine motor
control is necessary for activities like writing and
drawing while gross motor control is necessary
for activities like walking and jumping.

SENSORY PROCESSING
Sensory processing refers to the ability to register, integrate and
respond to sensory input
Examples:
Catching a ball
Walking around the classroom
Social interaction
The development of the sensory systems lays the foundation for
the development of motor, social and academic skills .

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS


Includes:
Muscle tone
Muscle strength
Core/postural stability
Balance
Coordination
Body awareness/body scheme

FINE MOTOR SKILLS


Includes:
Development of hand arches
Finger and thumb isolation
Grasp patterns
Hand strength
In-hand manipulation
Bilateral coordination
Eye-hand coordination
Tactile and proprioceptive awareness

SENSORY INEGRATION THEORY


Places emphasis on the development of the
following systems:
Tactile system
Proprioceptive system
Vestibular system
This will then have a subsequent impact on gross
and fine motor skills

SENSORY MOTOR SKILLS IN AUTISM


Over 90% of children with autism have sensory
processing difficulties
This has a direct impact on motor skills
Many children with autism have low muscle
tone, affecting core stability and muscle strength

ACTIVITY IDEAS... TACTILE SYSTEM


Messy play
Sand and water play
Finger painting
Tracing in trays of flour, shaving foam etc
Sandpaper letters
Walking barefoot on different surfaces
Hiding toys in boxes of different textures (e.g. rice, lentils,
polystyrene)
Feelie bag

... PROPRIOCEPTIVE SYSTEM


Body awareness activities
Simon Says (N.B. use visuals if required)
Carrying a beanbag
Twister
Resistance activities
Pushing with body parts
Pulling a rope
Therabands
Weightbearing activities
Crawling
Wheelbarrow walks
Lying over an exercise ball
Gymnastics
Climbing

...VESTIBULAR SYSTEM

Trampoline
Jumping, skipping, hopping etc.
Space hopper
Scooter board
Balance beam (or wider bench)
Balance board
Tall kneeling and half kneeling
Bilateral activities

FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS
Many children with autism appear to ignore
instructions or refuse to participate
This is likely to be due to:
Difficulties with receptive language
Lack of clarity in tasks/unsure what is expected
Distractibility

SENSORY OVERLOAD
Reduce visual distractions
Store equipment
Cover resources
Consider acoustics
Use visual communication strategies
Control noise level
Volume control/traffic lights
Avoid contact games
Teach new activities one-to-one in a quiet area and then
generalise into main group

WORKING IN PAIRS AND GROUPS


New activities should be first taught by the adult
before extending into a group setting
Ensure group are familiar with the visual and
communication strategies
Give the child a clear role in the group but rotate
the roles

APPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
For children with sensory processing difficulties:
Avoid activities which require fast changing
responses e.g. football
Select sports which allow slower responses e.g.
swimming, climbing

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITES
Solitary activities (e.g. swimming, athletics, bowling) are
recommended for children with sensory motor difficulties
because:
Fewer distractions so can focus on their own movements
Does not require an awareness of the position and movements
of others
Repetitive movements which can be practised
Tend to be more calming
Still allow participation with others
Improves the visual attention of children

Movement Therapy is most effective because it comes to the


mind over the body , and to the body through the mind .

THANK YOU!!!

Silva abo
Frogo Centar

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