+

FE
Thermodynamic
s
Review

Dr. Omar Meza

Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical
Engineering

Topics covered

Thermodynamics Law

1st and 2nd law

Energy , heat and work

Availability and reversibility

Cycles

Ideal gases

Mixture of gases

Phase change

Heat Transfer

Properties of:

enthalpy
entropy

Tips for taking exam

Use the reference handbook

Know what it contains
Know what types of problems you can use it for
Know how to use it to solve problems
Refer to it frequently
Work backwards when possible
FE exam is multiple choice with single correct answer
Plug answers into problem when it is convenient to do so
Try to work backwards to confirm your solution as often as
possible
Progress from easiest to hardest problem
Same number of points per problem
Calculator tips
Check the NCEES website to confirm your model is allowed
Avoid using it to save time!
Many answers do not require a calculator (fractions vs. decimals)

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

For a simple substance,

specification of any two
intensive,
independent
properties is sufficient to
fix all the rest.

Handbook page:

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

A substance that has a

fixed
chemical
composition throughout
is called a pure substance.

Handbook page:

Properties of Single-Component
Systems
A substance whose properties are uniform throughout is
referred to as
A.A solid
B.An ideal substance
C.A pure substance
D.A standard substance
A substance whose properties are uniform throughout is
referred to as
A.A solid
B.An ideal substance
C.A pure substance
D.A standard substance

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

Properties of Single-Component
Systems
Given: Steam at 2.0 kPa is saturated at 17.5 oC. In what

state will the steam be at 40 oC if the pressure is 2.0 kPa?

T= 40oC
Tsat= 17.5oC

Analysis:

@ P = 2.0 kPa, Tsat = 17.5oC

Tsat < T superheated vapor

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

Find the volume occupied by 20 kg of steam at 0.4 MPa,

400oC

At 0.4 MPa the Tsat=142oC approximately. It means that the

steam is in the superheated region

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

Real gases exhibit idealgas behavior at relatively

low pressures and high
temperatures.

Handbook page:

Properties of Single-Component
Systems
All real gases deviate somewhat from ideal gas behavior: PV=
mRT. For which of the following conditions is the deviation
the smallest?
A.High temperature and low volume
B.High temperature and low pressures
C.High pressures and low volumes
D.High pressure and low temperatures

When the volume of an ideal gas is doubled while the

temperature is halved, what happens to the pressure?
A.Pressure is doubled
Pv X(2v) 4Xv
B.Pressure is halved
=
=
T
( T / 2)
T
C.Pressure is quartered
D.Pressure is quadrupled
P

X=

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

Handbook page:

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

Properties of Single-Component
Systems

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

( Qin- Qout
) +( Win- Wout
) = U + KE + PE
Formal sign convention: Heat transfer to a
system and work done by a system are
positive; heat transfer from a system and work
done on a system are negative.
Wb is positive for expansion
Wb is negative for compression
Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics

During a process, 30J of work are done by a closed
stationary system on its surroundings. The internal energy
of the system decreases by 40 j. What is the heat transfer?

Qin - Qout + Win - Wout U KE PE

Qnet - Wout U
Qnet U Wout
Qnet 40 J 30 J 10 J

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

Calculate the work done by a piston contained within a
cylinder with air if 2m3 is tripled while the temperature is
maintained at a constant T = 30oC. The initial pressure is
P1=400 kPa absolute.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Polytropic process in a closed system

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

First Law of Thermodynamics

A steam coil operating at steady state receives 30 kg/min of
steam with an enthalpy of 2900 kJ/kg. if the steam leaves
with an enthalpy of 1600 kJ/min, what is the rate of heat
transfer from the coil?

First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Handbook page:

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Basic Cycles

Ideal Gas Mixture

Handbook page:

Ideal Gas Mixture

Ideal Gas Mixture

Ideal Gas Mixture

Psychrometrics

Handbook page:

Psychrometrics

Mollier Diagram

Handbook page:

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics

Combustion Processes

Combustion Processes

Combustion Processes

Combustion Processes

Combustion Processes

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Handbook page:

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Part of the heat received by a heat
engine is converted to work, while the
rest is rejected to a sink.
This is a law.
1.It is always observed in real heat engines.
2.One cannot derive it from first principles.
3.No exceptions are known.
It is not just that we havent looked hard
enough and that future discoveries will make
it possible to convert heat completely to work.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The efficiency of a refrigerator is
expressed in terms of the
coefficient of performance (COP).
The objective of a refrigerator is to
remove heat (QL) from the
refrigerated space.

Can the value of COPR

be greater than unity?

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The work
supplied to a
heat pump is
used to
extract energy
from the cold
outdoors and
carry it into
the warm
indoors.

for fixed values of QL and QH

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A)
B)
C)
D)

1500-MW
600-MW
900-MW
2100-MW

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A)
B)
C)
D)

Yes
No
Not clear
NA

Entropy

Entropy
A)
B)
C)
D)

2.82 kJ/K
6.86 kJ/K
-8.10 kJ/K
8.10 kJ/K

Preguntas?
Comentarios?

Muchas
Gracias !