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Sedimentary Rocks
HardnessGrain SizeCompositionOtherRock
Typehardmixedmixed rocks and sedimentround rocks in sediment
matrixConglomeratehard or
softmixedmixed rocks and sedimentsharp pieces of same material
as groundmassBrecciahardcoarseclean quartzwhite to brown
Sandstonehardcoarseclean quartz and feldsparusually very
coarseArkosehardmixedmixed sediment with rock grains and
claygray or dark and "dirty"Graywackehardfinevery fine sand; no
clayfeels gritty on teethSiltstonehardfinechalcedonyno fizzing with
acidChertsoftfineclay mineralsfoliatedShalesoftfinecarbonblack;
burns with tarry smokeCoalsoftfinecalcitefizzes with acidLimestone
softany sizedolomite (magnesian calcite)no fizzing with acid unless
powderedDolomite or Dolostonesoftcoarsefossil shellsmostly
piecesCoquinavery softcoarsehalitesalt tasteRock Saltvery
softcoarsegypsumwhite or pinkGypsum
Sedimentary Rocks
Hardness
hard
Grain Size
mixed
Composition
Other
Rock Type
Conglomerate
Breccia
hard or
soft
mixed
hard
coarse
clean quartz
white to brown
Sandstone
hard
coarse
Arkose
hard
mixed
Graywacke
hard
fine
Siltstone
hard
fine
chalcedony
Chert
soft
fine
clay minerals
foliated
Shale
soft
fine
carbon
Coal
soft
fine
calcite
Limestone
Dolomite or
Dolostone
soft
any size
soft
coarse
fossil shells
mostly pieces
Coquina
very soft
coarse
halite
salt taste
Rock Salt
very soft
coarse
gypsum
white or pink
Gypsum