Roots absorbed mineral

salts and transported them

to all parts of the plant.

Roots have to transport

water to the plant. Water acts
as a solvent and reactant
in cell metabolism

NECESSITY FOR TRANSPORT

OF
SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

Transport organic food

materials from
photosynthesis for :
energy requirement
growing regions
storage organ & other parts

Roots transport mineral ions

that
required for chlorophyll
synthesis
for healthy plant growth
for development

VASCULAR TISSUE
consist of

Xylem
transport water & mineral ions from
roots to the upper parts of plants.
give mechanical transport
(xylem vessel)
consist
*
-Vessel : long, hollow, continuous tubes
: strengthened by lignin deposited
in various patterns.
: consist of dead cells
: no protoplasm to obstruct the flow
of water.
*#
-Tracheids : less efficient in conducting water.
: dont have open ends to form
a continuous hollow tube.
*
-Parenchyma : consisting of roughly spherical,
frequently with air spaces between
them.
* In flowering plants
# conifers and ferns

Phloem
transport organic food substances
by the leaves during photosynthesis
consist
-Sieve tube : a cylindrical tube consisting of
elongated living sieve tube cells.
: little cytoplasm, no nucleus
: sieve plate with pores
separating the sieve tube cell
: allows the flow of dissolved
food substances
-Companion : only found in flowering plant
cells
: adjacent and closely
associated with the sieve
tube cells
: has a nucleus, dense
cytoplasm & many
mitochondria
: transport manufactured food(sucrose
& amino acids) from the leaf cells
into
the sieve tubes.

TRANSLOCATION
two directional transport, upwards or
downwards of soluble food material
by the phloem, from leaves to other
parts.
Importance :

TRANSPORT OF
SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

- the survival of a plant ( sugars and

amino acids are transported to
growing regions for growth and
development)
- for metabolism of cells when the
excess is stored in organs
eg:

TRANSPIRATION
the loss of water in the form of
water
vapour from a plant to the
atmosphere.
mostly lost through the stomata of
leaves, small amount through the
cuticle
& lenticels in woody stems.
(replaced?)
Importance :
- helps in the absorption & transport
of

PATHWAY OF WATER FROM THE SOIL TO THE LEAVES

A) ROOT PRESSURESurrounding water soil is hypotonic to sap cell of root hair,Therefore water diff
into
root hair by osmosis.
The sap cell become hypotonic adjacent cell, then water moves again to the n
cell.
Concentration gradient existed & & create a force call root pressure.

B) TRANSPIRATION PULL
During the day, water evaporate from mesophyill cell into intercellula
Space in the leaves.
From here water vapour diffuses to surrounding air through stomata
Transpiration & pull up water from the soil, the force is call transpira
pull.

C) CAPILLARY ACTION
Is combine force of cohesion & adhesion which enable water move up
along
the xylem vessel.
Cohesion is the attraction of one molecule to other molecule of water