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Positioning
System
(GPS)
DELIVERING BY:
MOHAMMED MOIZUDDIN
ZEESHAN
UNDER THE GUIDANCE:
RUMMA
Department of Computer Science,
Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi
Global
Positioning
System
(GPS)
DELIVERING BY:
MOHAMMED MOIZUDDIN
ZEESHAN
UNDER THE GUIDANCE:
PROF. SHIVANAND S.
RUMMA
Department of Computer Science,
Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi
CONTENTS
HISTORY.
WHAT IS GPS?
GPS ELEMENTS.
HOW IT WORKS?
APPLICATIONS(VEHICLE TRACKING).
FUTURE OF GPS.
LIMITATIONS.
CONCLUSION.
HISTORY
Navigating by
measurements)
stars
(requires
clear
nights
and
careful
WHAT IS GPS?
OVERVIEW
SEGMENTS
GPS uses radio transmissions. The
satellites transmit timing information
and satellite location information. The
system can be separated into three
parts:
1. Space Segment
2. Control Segment
3. User Segment
Space Segment
Control
Segment
SPACE SEGMENT
The space segment consists of the satellites
themselves. According to the United States Naval
Observatory, there are currently 27 operational
GPS satellites about 11,000 miles up in space.
This constellation provides between five and eight
GPS satellites visible from any point on the earth.
The next scheduled launch is May 10, 2000.
It takes each satellite about twelve hours to orbit
the earth. There are six orbital planes with at least
four satellites in each plane.
CONTROL SEGMENT
The control segment is a group of ground stations that monitor
and operate the GPS satellites. There are monitoring stations
spaced around the globe and one Master Control Station located
in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Each station sends information to
the Control Station which then updates and corrects the
navigational message of the satellites. There are actually five
major monitoring systems, the figure below does not include the
Hawaiian station.
USER SEGMENT
The only data the satellites receive is from the Master Control
Station in Colorado. The users consist of both the military and
civilians.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
(HOW GPS DETERMINES LOCATION)
Things which need to be determined:
CURRENT LOCATION
OF GPS SATELLITES
* the Almanac is a file which contains positional information for all of the GPS satellites
A third
measurement
narrows our
location to just
two points.
A fourth
measurement
determines
which point is
our true
location
EPHEMERIS ERRORS:
The predicted changes in the orbit of a satellite.
Which cause a deviation of 0 to 5 m. from the actual position of
receiver
CLOCK DRIFT:
Due to different code generations in satellite and receiver
simultaneously.
Which cause a deviation of 0 to 1.5m. from the actual position of
receiver
MULTIPATH:
Bouncing of GPS signal due to a reflecting surface before reaching
to receiver antenna.
Which cause a deviation of 0 to 1 m. from the actual position of
receiver
MEASURING GPS
ACCURACY
The geometry of the constellation is evaluated by
Dilution Of Precision, or DOP.
INCREASING
ACCURACY OF GPS
Differential correction provides accuracy within 1-5 m.
APPLICATIONS
AVIATION
AGRICULTURE
MARINE
TIMING
SPACE
RAILWAYS
ROADWAYS
DISASTER RELIEF
APPLICATIONS OF
GPS
LOCATION
This category is for position determination and is the most
obvious use of the Global Positioning System.
GPS is the first system that can give accurate and precise
measurements anytime, anywhere and under any weather
conditions. Some examples of applications within this category
are:
Measuring the movement of volcanoes and glaciers.
Measuring the growth of mountains.
Measuring the location of icebergs - this is very valuable to
ship captains helping them to avoid possible disasters.
NAVIGATION
TIMING
GPS brings precise timing to the us all.
Each satellite is equipped with an extremely precise atomic clock.
This is why we can all synchronize our watches so well and make
sure international events are actually happening at the same time.
MAPPING
This is used for creating maps by recording a series of locations.
The best example is surveying where the DGPS technique is
applied but with a twist.
Instead of making error corrections in real time, both the
stationary and moving receivers calculate their positions using the
satellite signals.
TRACKING
VEHICLE TRACKING
MONITOR-TRACK-SPY
HOW IT WORKS?
Satellites orbiting
the earth tell the
GPS locator in
the vehicle where
it is.
LIMITATIONS
GPS can provide worldwide, three-dimensional positions, 24
hours a day, in any type of weather.
But, There must be a relatively clear "line of sight" between the
GPS antenna and four or more satellites.
Hence it becomes too difficult to ensure reliable positioning.
These difficulties are particularly prevalent in urban areas.
The GPS signal may bounce off nearby objects causing another
problem called multi path interference.
CONCLUSION
ANY QUESTIONS ?
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