1. Singlegroup Design.

This involves a single treatment

with
two
or
more
levels.
Example: An investigator/researcher wants to
determine the effectiveness of the different
methods of farming.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to
determine the significant difference of the harvest
of farmers (subjects/respondents).

Farming in Three Methods to a Group of farmers

Using the Single Group Design

R E S U L T S
Subjects/Far
Number of Cavan of Rice
Method
Method 2
Method 3
mer
1
1
2
3
4
5

2. Two- group Design. The comparable groups are

employed as experimental and control groups.

Example: A researcher wants to determine the
effectiveness of fertilizer using the organic
and inorganic fertilizer, the control group
(inorganic fertilizer), and experimental group
(organic fertilizer). The t-test is used to
determine the effectiveness of fertilizer using
the
inorganic
(control)
and
the
organic(experimental).

Two-Group Design
Group

Numbe Mean
r of
(X)
Fruits
Control
xxxxx
X1
Group(Inorga
x
nic)
Experimental x x x x x
X2
Group
x
(Organic)

3. Two-pair group Design. This design is an elaboration

of the two-group design wherein there are two
experimental groups and two control groups.

Example: An investigator wishes to study

the acceptability, fragrance and economics of
a bath soap of dove, camay, when added to
water. The t-test is used to determine the
significant difference.

3. Two-Pair Group Design

Acceptability on the Brand of Soap With
and
Without Water

Panel
ist

1
2
3
4
5

Brand of Soap
Control Group
(Without Water)
Dove

Camay

Experimental
Group
(With Water)
Dove
Camay

4. Parallel-group Design. This is a design in which two

or more groups are used at the same time with only one
single variable (control group) manipulated or changed.
The experimental group varies while the parallel group
serves as control for comparative purposes.
Example: An investigator wishes to determine the effectiveness
of organic and inorganic fertilizer. There is one group using
inorganic fertilizer(control) and two group using organic fertilizer
(experimental).
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is the tool to be used in
determining the effectiveness of the fertilizer.

4. Parallel-group Design
Scores of Subjects

Control Group
(Inorganic
Fertilizer)
1
x
x
x
x
x

Experimental Group
(Organic Fertilizer)
1
x
x
x
x
x

2
x
x
x
x
x

5. Pretest-Posttest Design. This design involves the

experimental group and the control group which are
carefully selected through randomization procedures.
Both groups are given pretest at the beginning of the
school year and posttest at the end of the school year.

The mean scores of the pretest and

posttest of the control and experimental
groups are evaluated by using the t-test of
correlated means.

5. Pretest-Posttest Design

Group

Means of the Tests

(X)

Control
Group(Traditi
onal)
Experimental
Group
(Modern)

Pretest

Posttest

X1

X2

X1

X2

6. Counterbalanced or Latin Square Design.

This design is also called rotational design. It
involves an exchange of two or more treatments
taken by the subjects during experiment. The
arrangement employed in this design is Latin
square in which each variable is a form of
square occurring once in each row or column.
This is also called quasi-experimental design.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used as
a tool.

6. Counterbalance or Latin Square Design

Using Four Methods of Teaching by Four Instructors

Methods

M1
M2
M3
M4

Instructors
I1

I2

I3

I4

S1
S2
S3
S4

S2
S3
S4
S1

S3
S4
S1
S2

S4
S1
S2
S3

7. Randomized Complete Block Design. This designed in which

a group of test plants or animals is studied only once but
subsequent treatment is applied to determine the cause of change.
There is no control in this design but the subjects will undergo
randomization procedures.
Example: there is a significant difference in the treatment of pellets as
supplement feed upon the yield of prawn (sugpo) cultured in the fishpond. He
uses 300 pieces of prawn fry and three compartments in the pond. The 300
pieces of prawn fry are place at random. Of the 300 pieces of prawn fry, 100 are
placed in each compartment. The weight of the prawn in each compartment
should be observed carefully and ecological parameters such as pH, sanity and
oxygen, should be taken into consideration. Different levels or proportion of
pellets are applied as supplemental feed in each compartment.

7. Randomized Complete Block Design

Randomized Complete Block Design Sample of Cultivating Milkfish in the Fishpond Using Fish meal,
Bread meal, and Ipil-Ipil Leaves as Supplement Feeds

Treatment

Replications
Weight of the
Fish (kg)
1

T1

T2

T3

T4


Treatment

Replications
Length of the
Fish (cm)
1

T1

T2

T3

T4

8. Correlational Design. It is used to determine the

relationship between two dependent variables (X and Y)
on how they are manipulated by the independent
variables.
Example: to determine the weight and length
relationship of cultured group in a concrete tank using
fishmeal as supplemental feed. Fishmeal is the
independent variable and weight (X) and length (Y) of
a cultured group are dependent variables.

8. Correlational Design
Correlational Design Sample of a Cultured group of Fish Using
Supplemental Feed as to Determine the Weight and Length

Independent
Variables
(Fish Meal)

Bread

Ipil-Ipil Leaves

Dependent Variables
Weight
(kg)

Length
(cm)