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NEWBORN
Newborn
• Also called neonate
• Baby in the neonatal period, the first 28
days of life
PROFILE OF THE NEWBORN
Vital Statistics
• Weight
1. Average (female, white) – 3.4 kg (7.5 lbs)
1. Macrosomia
2. Diabetes mellitus
Weight loss
• 5-10% loss (6-10 oz) – first 3-4 days
Causes:
1. Small intake
• Breastfed – due to low caloric content of
colostrum
• Bottle-fed – ineffective sucking
Weight loss
2. Meconium
• Breastfed – 10 days
• Bottle-fed – 7 days
• Length
• Convection
• Radiation
• Evaporation
Conduction
• Transfer of body heat to a cooler object in
contact with the baby
• Example:
• Touched with cold hands or cold
stethoscope
• Placed in a cold surface such as scale
Convection
• Flow of heat from the body surface to cooler
surrounding air (air currents)
Example:
• Air currents from open window
• Air conditioner (cooling ducts)
• People moving around
Radiation
• Transfer of body heat to a cooler solid
object not in contact with the baby (cooler
objects nearby)
Example
• Placed near a cold window surface
• Exposed to cold sides of the crib
Evaporation
• Loss of heat through conversion of liquid
to a vapor
Example
• NB wet with amniotic fluid looses heat
when fluid dries and evaporates
Heat Retention/Conservation
• Peripheral blood vessel constriction
Sleep – 90-110bpm
• Immaturity of cardiac regulatory center
(medulla) – irregular heart rate
• Periodic respirations
• Passive immunization
1. Poliomyelitis
2. Measles
3. Diptheria
4. Pertussis
5. Chickenpox
6. Rubella
7. tetanus
Neuromuscular System
• Reflexes – instinctive movements
designed to protect babies
• Rooting
• Sucking
• Swallowing
• Gag, cough, sneeze
• Extrusion
• Palmar grasp
• Plantar grasp
• Tonic neck
• Moro
• Babinski
• Magnet
• Crossed extension
• Trunk Incurvation
• Landau
• Patellar
Common variations
• Jaundice
Types
1. Physiologic
2. Pathologic
• Milia
• Erythema toxicum neonatorum
• Telangiectactic nevi
Nevus flammeus
Nevus vascularis (Strawberry mark)
Mongolian spot
Caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma
• Mouth – epstein pearls
Genitalia
Female
• Pseudomenstruation
Male
• Hypospadias
• Cryptorchidism
• Hydrocele
• Epispadias
• Phimosis
Hypospadias
Hydrocele
• Extremities
1. Syndactyly
2. Polydactyly
3. Hallux varus
Syndactyly
Polydactyly
Circumcision
Immediate Care of the Newborn
Apgar scoring
• Assesses the infant’s cardiopulmonary
adaptations to extrauterine life.
1. Eye care
• Apply terramycin opthalmic ung to both
eyes
• Apply from inner to outer canthus.
2. Vitamin K
• Galactosemia (Gal)
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)