Discovering Computers

Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Objectives Overview

Identify and briefly

describe various
broadband Internet
connections

Describe the types

of Internet access
providers

Describe how to
use a search
engine to search
for information on
the Web

See Page 55
for Detailed

Explain the
purpose of a Web
browser and
identify the
components of a
Web address

Describe the types

of Web sites

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012

Edition Chapter 2

Objectives Overview
Recognize how Web
pages use graphics,
animation, audio,
video, virtual reality,
and plug-ins

Identify the steps

required for Web
publishing

Explain how e-mail,

mailing lists, instant
messaging, chat
rooms, VoIP, FTP,
and newsgroups and
message boards
work

Identify the rules of

netiquette

See Page 55
for Detailed Objectives

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012

Edition Chapter 2

The Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection
of networks that links millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Page 56
Figure 2-1

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The Internet
The Internet originated as ARPANET in
September 1969 and had two main
goals:Allow scientists at
Function even if
different physical
locations to share
information and
work together

part of the network

were disabled or
destroyed by a
disaster

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

oversees research and sets standards
and guidelines for many areas of the
Internet.
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The Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET
and
becomes
known as
the
Internet

1969
ARPANET
becomes
functional

1984
ARPANET
has more
than 1,000
individual
computers
linked as
hosts
Page 56

1996
Internet2
is founded

1995
NSFNet
terminates
its network
on the
Internet
and
resumes
status as
research
network
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals, 2012
Edition Chapter 2

Today
More than
550
million
hosts
connect to
the
Internet
6

The Internet
Many home and small business users
connect to the Internet via high-speed
broadband Internet service. Fixed
wireless Internet connections are highspeed, and utilize radio signals, towers,
antennae, satellite, etc.
Cable
Internet
service

Pages 57 - 58

DSL

Fiber to
the
Fixed
Premise wireless
s (FTTP)

Wi-Fi

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012

Edition Chapter 2

Cellular
Radio
Network

Satellite
Internet
Service

The Internet

An access provider is a
business that provides
individuals and
organizations access to
the Internet free or for a
fee
Page 58

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The Internet
ISP
(Internet
service
provider)
Regional ISPs

provide Internet
access to a
specific
geographical
area
National ISPs
provide Internet
access in cities
and towns
nationwide
Page 58

Online
service
provider
(OSP)
Has many
members-only
features
Popular OSPs
include AOL
(America Online)
and MSN
(Microsoft
Network)
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012
Edition Chapter 2

Wireless
Internet
service
provider
(WISP)
Provides
wireless
Internet access
to computers
and mobile
devices

May require a
wireless modem

The Internet
Cable modems are always connected to the Internet versus the
slower dial-up access from days past. A dial-up modem required
the user to use their home phone line to connect to the Internet.
Satellite modems are high-speed Internet connections that
communicate via a satellite dish.

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The Internet
An IP address is a number that uniquely
identifies each computer or device connected
to the Internet
A domain name is the text version of an IP
address
Top-level domain (TLD)

A Domain Name Server (DNS) translates

the domain name (google.com) into its IP
address so data route to the correct computer

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Figure 2-3

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The Internet

Page 60
Figure 2-4

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The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, or Web, consists
of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents (Web pages)
A Web site is a collection of related Web
pages and associated items
A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide
a means for users to interact
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The World Wide Web

A Web browser, or browser, allows
users to access Web pages and Web 2.0
programs

Internet
Explore
r

Firefox

Safari
Page 61

Opera

Google
Chrome

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The World Wide Web

Page 62
Figure 2-5

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The World Wide Web

A home page is the first page that a
Web site displays
Web pages provide links to other
related Web pages
Surfing the Web

Downloading is the process of

receiving information

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The World Wide Web

A Web page has a unique address called
a URL or Web address

Page 63
Figure 2-6

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The World Wide Web

Tabbed browsing allows you to open and
view multiple Web pages in a single Web
browser window

Page 64
Figure 2-7

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The World Wide Web

Two types of search tools are search
engines and subject directories

Search
engine
Finds
information
related to a
specific topic
Page 65

Subject
director
y

Classifies Web
pages in an
organized set
of categories

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The World Wide Web

Page 65
Figure 2-8

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The World Wide Web

A search engine is helpful in locating
items such as:
Images

Videos

Maps

Page 66

Audio

People
or
Business
es

News

Blogs

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The World Wide Web

Page 66
Figure 2-9

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The World Wide Web

There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal

News

Informational

Business/Marketi
ng

Blog

Wiki

Online Social
Network

Educational

Pages 67 - 69
Figure 2-11

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The World Wide Web

Entertainme
nt

Advocacy

Content
Aggregator
Pages 69 - 70
Figure 2-11

Web
Application

Personal

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24

The World Wide Web

Downloading is the process of a computer
receiving information, such as a Web page,
from a server on the Internet.
An Advocacy Web Site contains content
that describes a cause, opinion, or idea.
A Blog Web Site uses a regularly updated
journal format and has an informal style that
consists of an individuals ideas.

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Video: Tell Your Stories via

Vlog

CLICK TO START
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The World Wide Web

Information
presented on the
Web must be
evaluated for
accuracy
No one oversees
the content of Web
pages

Page 70
Figure 2-12

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The World Wide Web

Multimedia refers to any application
that combines text with:

Graphic
s

Animati
on

Video
Page 70

Audio

Virtual
Reality

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The World Wide Web

A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
Graphic formats
include BMP, GIF,
JPEG, PNG, and TIFF
GIF and JPEG most
common

A thumbnail is a
small version of a
larger graphic
Pages 70 - 71
Figure 2-13

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The World Wide Web

Animation is the appearance of motion
created by displaying a series of still
images in sequence

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The World Wide Web

Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
Compressed to reduce file size

You listen to audio on your computer using a

player
Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
Video consists of full-motion images that are
played back at various speeds
Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space
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The World Wide Web

Streaming Audio enables users to
listen to music as it downloads to their
computers.

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The World Wide Web

Page 72
Figure 2-14

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The World Wide Web

A plug-in is a program that extends the
capability of a Web browser

Page 73
Figure 2-15

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The World Wide Web

Web publishing is the development
and maintenance of Web pages

Plan a
Web
site

Page 74

Analyze
and
design
a Web
site

Create
a Web
site

Deploy
a Web
site

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012

Edition Chapter 2

Maintai
n a Web
site

35

E-Commerce
E-commerce is a business transaction
that occurs over an electronic network
Anyone with access to a computer or
mobile device, an Internet connection, and
a means to pay for purchased goods or
services can participate in e-commerce

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E-Commerce
B2C the sale of
goods and services
by a company to the
general public

Business
-toconsume
r (B2C)

Business
-tobusiness
(B2B)

Pages 74 - 75

B2B - the sale of

Ecommer
ce

goods and services

between business

C2C when one

Consume
r-toconsume
r (C2C)

consumer sells
directly to another
consumer

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E-Commerce

Pages 74 - 75
Figure 2-16

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Other Internet Services

The WWW and e-mail are
two of the more widely
used Internet services.
E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages

Pages 75 76
Figure 2-17

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Other Internet Services

Page 77
Figure 2-18

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Other Internet Services

Note how the at symbol (@) separates the
user name from the domain name in a
typical e-mail address.

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Other Internet Services

A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and
addresses given a single name
Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
Unsubscribing removes your name

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Other Internet Services

Instant messaging (IM) is a realtime Internet communications service

Page 78
Figure 2-19

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Other Internet Services

A chat is a realtime typed
conversation that
takes place on a
computer
A chat room is a
location on an
Internet server that
permits users to
chat with each
other
Page 79
Figure 2-20

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Other Internet Services

VoIP (Voice over
IP) enables users to
speak to other
users over the
Internet
Also called Internet
telephony

FTP (File Transfer

Protocol) permits
file uploading and
downloading
Page 80
Figure 2-21

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Other Internet Services

A newsgroup is
an online area in
which users have
written discussions
about a particular
subject
Typically requires a
newsreader

A message board
is a Web-based
type of discussion
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012
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Edition Chapter 2

Pages 80 - 81
Figure 2-22

46

Netiquette
Netiquette is the code of acceptable
Internet behavior

Page 81
Figure 2-23

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Summary

History and structure

of the Internet

World Wide Web

Other Internet
services: e-mail,
instant messaging,
chat rooms, VoIP,
FTP, and newsgroups
and message boards

Page 82

Browsing, navigating,
searching, Web
publishing, and
e-commerce

Rules of netiquette

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Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Chapter 2 Complete