GKA2043

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
References System
Format of a Research Report/Thesis
Format of a Research Proposal

References System
Difference between references and a bibliography:
References

The items you have read and specially referred to

(or cited) in your assignment.

Bibliography

A list of everything you read in preparation for writing

and assignment /research, whether or not you
referred specifically to it in the assignment.

Why to reference?
1. To inform the reader the sources of ideas, tables, photos,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

statistics or diagram presented in your work.

When describing or discussing a Theory, Model or Practice
associated with a particular writer.
To give weight or credibility to an argument presented in your
assignment.
When giving emphasis to a particular idea that has found a
measure of agreement and support amongst commentators.
To inform the reader of sources of direct quotations or definition
in your academic reference.
When paraphrasing another persons idea or definition that you
feel is particularly significant or likely to be a subject of debate.
To avoid plagiarism.

Types of referencing
There are various types or styles of referencing in use within

higher education organization, journals or conference organizer.

Among the most important referencing styles are
i) Harvard
ii) American Psychological Association (APA)
iii) Running note
iv) Vancouver-Numeric styles
v) Author/Page (or MLA) style
vi) Chicago style
vii) Modern Humanities Research association style
viii) Modern-languages association style
ix) Royal Society of London style

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For further info and example please refer to any

website regarding to references system.

Format of a Research Report/Thesis

Front matter (format based on faculty/university):

Title page
Dedication
Declaration
Abstract
Table of contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of appendices

Continue Body of report

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of study
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Research objectives
1.4 Research hypothesis/ questions
1.5 Conceptual/ research framework
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Definition of terms

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Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 -.. Contents
2.4 Summary/conclusion
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research design
3.3 Sampling procedures
3.4 Data analysis
3.5 Summary/conclusion

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Chapter 4: Research Findings and Discussions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Report the research findings based on the research
objectives identified.
4.3 Discussion
4.4 Summary/ conclusion
Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Research summaries/ conclusion
5.3 Research implications
5.4 Directions for future research

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References
Appendixes

Format of a Research Proposal

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Statement of the problem

1.2 Purpose of the Study
1.3 Research Questions and/or research hypothesis
1.4 Definitions of the terms
1.5 Rationale/importance of the study

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Chapter 2: Literature review

(the structure should reflect the objective of the study,

conceptual framework, research questions and/or
hypothesis)
2.1 define important concepts/variables
2.2 provide available theories to support the variables
2.3 provide research findings to support the relationship
between the variables.

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Chapter 3: Research Methodology and Procedure

3.1 Research design

3.2 Sampling design
3.3 Data Collection techniques
(qualitative/quantitative/both)
3.4 Data analysis method
Chapter 4: Expected outcomes
4.1 Expected outcomes
4.1.1 contribution to theory/ body of knowledge
4.1.2 contribution to the research methodology
4.1.3 contribution to practitioners

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References ( such as APA style)
Appendices

Thank You!!!