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ETU 07123
Introduction to Communication Systems
Ally, J
jumannea@gmail.com
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Course Outline
Reference:
Introduction to Analogue and Digital
Communication, by Simon Haykin
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Information Representation
Types of Information:
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NB:
A general system design objective is to use these two resources as
efficiently as possible.
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Source of Information
The telecommunications environment is dominated by four important
sources of information: speech, music, pictures, and computer data
Pictures is the one relies on the human visual system for its
perception. The picture can be dynamic, as in television, or static,
as in fascimile (fax) machine
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Modulation
Demodulation
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Electromagnetic Frequency
Spectrum
The purpose of an
electronic communications system
is to communicate information between two or more
locations commonly called stations.
Accomplished by converting the original information
into electromagnetic energy and then transmitting it
to one or more receive stations where it converted
back to its original form.
Electromagnetic energy can propagate as a voltage
or current along a metallic wire, as emitted radio
waves through free space, or as a light waves down
an optical fiber.
Electromagnetic energy is distributed throughout an
almost infinite range of frequencies.
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Bandwidth
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Information Capacity
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S
I B log 2 1
N
S
I 3.32 B log10 1
N
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Digital Radio
- Is the transmitted of digitally modulated carrier between two or
more points in a communication system
- The modulating signal and the demodulated signal are digital
pulses
- Digital pulse modulate an analog carrier
- Transmission medium may be a physical facility or free space
(i.e. The Earths atmosphere)
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Analog signals
Digital signals
x(t)
t
x(t)
Binary signals
t
x(t)
1
0
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1
0 0
1
0
Fourier Transforms
or
The time function v(t) is recovered from V(f) by the inverse Fourier transform
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Since
is not a real time function and cannot occur as a
communication signal. However, signals of the form
are
common-in fact, they are the basis of carrier modulation-and by direct
extension of the equation above we have the following modulation theorem:
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Special Functions
(t)
Exponentials
(f-fc)
fc
Sinusoids
Acos(2fct)
Aej2fct
(f+fc)
-fc
(f-fc)
fc
n(t-n/Ts)
Ts n(t-nTs)
-3Ts
-2Ts
-Ts
Ts
2Ts
3Ts
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-1/Ts
1/Ts
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