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TUMOR = Swelling
T. Benigna (Jinak) and T.Maligna (Ganas)
Cancer, Carsinoma
Basic Defferenties :
(1)Metastase, (2) Mortality (3) Operative
(4) Development (5) Mitosis (6)
Capsulization
AETIOLOGY
(CAUSED)
UNKNOWN, Factors influenced of the
Carcinogenesis are environment and
genetic.
ENVIRONMENT FACTORS : (1)
Radioactive, ultraviolet light (2) Occupation
(3) Dietetic Nutrition : aflatoxin,
nitrosamine, fat (4) Drug : cytostatics,
imunosupresive (5) Life style : smoking,
alcoholic etc. (6) Parasit : Schistosoma
haematobium and Bladder Ca (7) Virus :
Epstein Bahr Lymphoma; Hepatitis B/C
POSSIBLE FACTORS
ASSOCIATED IN THE
CAUSATION
OF CANCER
Geographical
distribution;
Age
Environmental (Tobacco, alkohol, diet, ultraviolet
light, ionizing radiation)
Occupational
Drugs;
Infective agent
Genetic.
: Liver (angiosarcoma)
Oestrogens
: Endometrium, vagina
Polycystic HC
Skin, lung
SOME OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURES THAT INFLUENCES
CANCER Agent
RISK
Occupation
Site
of disease
=========================================
=================
Dye manufac, rubber worker
Aromatic amines
Asbestos
Cadmium workers
Prostate
Cadmium
Uranium miners
Ionizing radiation
Ultraviolet light
Bladder
Lung,
Lung
Skin,
GENETIC FACTORS
The following are examples of inherited
cancers that exhibit dominant
inheritence :
Retinoblastoma;
FAP (Familial adenomatous polypus)
Wilms tumor;
Basal-cell naevus syndrome;
Neurofibromatosis
CARSINOGENIC
POTENTIAL
CLASSIFICATION of
CANCER
(1) CARSINOMA : Epithelial origin
(ectoderm, endoderm), limphogenic
spread
(2) SARCOMA : soft tissue origin
(mesoderm) haematogenic
spread
(3) TERATOCARSINOMA : teratoma
origin (mix ecto, endo and
mesoderm)
Payu
Paru
(14%)
Kolorektal (10%)
Kolorektal (10%)
Kandung kemih (7%)
Uteri (6%)
Kulit (5%)
Limfe (4%)
Corpus
Kel
Lehar
rahim
Kolorektal
Payudara
Hati
Kolorektal
Prostat
Ovarium
Kandung kemih
Nasofaring
Paru
Kulit
(1)Analisis Bivariat :
KANKER KULIT
(MELANOMA)
JENIS / KLASIFIKASI :
a.Melanoma maligna dengan metastasis
b.Melanoma maligna tanpa metastasis
c.Nevus displastik
d.Nevus melanositik
FAKTOR RISIKO :
Usia, Jenis kelamin,
Lokasi lesi, Ukuran lesi,
p53, c-myc, N-ras
KANKER NASOFARING
Jumlah kejadian
Etiologi :
CANCER PREVENTION
PROGRAM
(1) PRIMARY PREVENTION : (A) Health
promotion : awareness campaign
and health education program (B)
Specific protection : Intervention
of exposure and Chemoprevention.
(2) SECONDARY PREVENTION : Early
detection and chemotherapy ,
radiation and operative.
(3) TERTIARY PREVENTION :
AWARENESS
CAMPAIGN PROGRAM
American Cancer Society CAUTION.
Yayasan Kanker Indonesia
WASPADA
Change in bowel or bladder habits, A
sore that does not heal, Unusual
bleeding or discharge, Thickening
or lumps in the breast or
elsewhere, Indisgetion or difficulty
in swallowing , Obvious change in
AWARENESS
CAMPAIGN PROGRAM
Yayasan Kanker Indonesia
WASPADA
W aktu buang air besar atau kecil ada
perubahan kebiasaan
A lat pencernaan terganggu dan susah
menelan;
S uara serak atau batuk yang tidak
sembuh2
P yu dara atau temapt lain ada benjolan;